Mechanism of action of glyphosate in transgenic potato plants in response to bacterial pathogens, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Dickeya dadantii

Pasalari, Hossein

Mechanism of action of glyphosate in transgenic potato plants in response to bacterial pathogens, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Dickeya dadantii

Document Type : Brief Communication

Author

hossein pasalari

Minab Higher Education Center- University of Hormozgan

Abstract

Different defense pathways in plants evolved in reaction to pathogens. The main aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of glyphosate in resistance induction to bacterial phytopathogens. To do so, glyphosate at an optimal concentration of 1.8 mg / l was used on transgenic potato, to induce resistance to two strains of pathogenic bacteria (21A of Pectobacterium atrosepticum and ENA49 of Dickeya dadantii). It was been shown that plant defense responses to pathogens can be stimulated by treatment plants at an optimal concentration of glyphosate. Transgenic potato leaves infected with potato pathogenic bacteria, and then treated with glyphosate showed a high level of expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR-2, PR-3, PR-5), especially PR-2 gene and defense response genes (HSR-203j, HIN1), especially HSR-203j gene. The expression of PR-2 gene in leaves infected with these two bacteria were 1.5 and 2.9 times, for PR-3 gene 1.7 and 1.7 times, for PR-5 gene to 1.3 and 1.5 times and expression of HSR-203J gene to 2.5 and 2.4 times and - HIN1 gene to 1.7 and 1.7 times, with Dickeya dadantii and Pectobacterium atrosepticum infection, respectively. The expression of these genes in control samples didn’t significantly change. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the expression of genes in the experimental and control samples (plants treated by glyphosate compared to untreated plants). The results showed that the treatment of plants by glyphosate can induce a systemic acquired resistance to phytopathogens by inducing proteins and defense response genes.

Keywords

Plant bacterial pathogens

Pathogenesis related genes and defense response genes

Glyphosate

Induced resistance

20.1001.1.23222115.1400.12.3.7.7

Subjects

Agricultural Biotechnology

1- Sadravi, M. (2012) The use of genetic engineering to create plants resistant to diseases. Plant Pathol. J. 1(2): 1-9. (In Persian with English Abstract).
2- Gholamnezhad, J. (2017) Plants defense mechanisms against pathogen. Plant Pathol J. 6: 24-32.
3- Yasuda, M., Ishikawa, A., and Jikumaru, Y. (2008) Antagonistic interaction between systemic acquired resistance and the abscisic acid-mediated abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 20: 1678–1692.
4- Stallings, W. C., Abdel-Meguid, S. S., Lim, L. W. (1991) Structure and topological symmetry of the glyphosate target 5-enopyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: a distinctive protein fold. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88: 5046-5050.
5- Pasalari, H. М., Tratsiakova, O. M., Evtushenkov, А. N. (2015) Glyphosate tolerance transgenic potato plants containing aroA gene. Proc. BSU. Series. Physiol. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Sci. 10: 123–126 (Russian).
6- Benbrook, C. (2016) Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the Unites States and globally. Environ. Sci. Eur. 28 (3): 548-555.
7- Duke, S. O., and Powles, S. B. (2008) Glyphosate: a once in a century herbicide. Pest Manag. Sci. 64: 319-325.
8- Pasalari, H., Evtushenkov, A. N. (2016) PR-genes expression in the leaves of transgenic potato plants after glyphosate treatment. Vestnik BSU. Series, 2, Chem. Biol. Geog. 1: 31–35 [Russian].
9- Bonny, S. (2008) Genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA: Adoption factor impacts and prospects: a review. Agron Sustain Dev. 28: 21-32.
10- Antonio, L., Cerdeira-Dionsio, L. P., Gazziero-Stephen, O. (2011) Impacts of Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Cultivation in South America. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59: 5799-5807.
11- Pline, W. A., Wilcut, J. W., Duke, S. O. (2002) Tolerance and accumulation of shikimic acid in response to glyphosate applications in glyphosate resistant and non-glyphosate resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 506- 512.
12- Pontier, D., Tronchet, M., Rogowsky, P. (1998) Activation of hsr203, a plant gene expressed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions is correlated with programmed cell death. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 11: 544-554.
13- Feng. P. C. C., Baley, G. J., Clinton, W. P., Bunkers, G. J., Alibhai, M. F., Paulitz, T. C., and Kidwell, K. K. (2005) Glyphosate inhibits rust disease in Glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102: 17290-17295.
14- Duke, S. O., Wedge, D. E., Cerdeira, A. L., and Matallo, M. B. (2007) Interactions of synthetic herbicides with plant disease and microbial herbicides. In: Novel Biotechnologies for biocontrol Agent Enhancement and Management. Springer Nature (Netherlands). 277-296.
15- Van Loon, L. C. (2011) Significance of inducible Defense-related proteins infected plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2006: 135–162.
16- Pasalari, H., Tretyakova, O. M., Evtushenkov, A. N. (2016) Induction of Potato defense response genes in Potato leaves during bacterial infection and glyphosate processing. J Plant Dis protect. 3(106): 37-39.
17- Livak, K. J., Schmittgen, Th. D., (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using Real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆Ct method. Methods. 25(4): 402-408.