Induction of permeability in the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound to increase the effect of neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease

Nasrollahi Boroujeni, Narges; Ali Akbari, Farhang; Morshedi, Dina

Induction of permeability in the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound to increase the effect of neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease

Document Type : Systematic Review

Authors

Narges Nasrollahi Boroujeni

Farhang Ali Akbari

Dina Morshedi

Bioprocess Engineering Department Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and the prevalence of it has increased worldwide. PD causes severe damage to loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DN) at substantia nigra which involves in the movement control. The synaptic terminals of DNs are destroyed in the posterior putamen. PD is also characterized by accumulation of misfolded and amyloid α-synuclein into proteinous inclusions named Lewy bodies. So far there is no effective treatment for PD and approved medications for PD can only slow down clinical progression, control motor and non-motor symptoms. Currently, the approved medications just induce the release of dopamine and prevent the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals of caudate cholinergic interneurons and it is necessary to provide more effective treatment methods in the early stages of the disease. Significant progress has been achieved in development of drugs that can reduce neuronal cell death and lead up to neuroprotection, however targeting delivery of drugs to improve the pharmaceutical effects of drugs is remained as a challenge. Therefore, there is a pressing demand to find practical strategies for delivering these pharmaceuticals in vivo through the BBB without disrupting the brain's functions. In this regard, Focused ultrasound (FUS) technology eliminates the need for brain surgery and temporarily opens the blood-brain barrier to allow drugs to pass through. In this review, the application of FUS as a new drug delivery application in the PD models and the potential clinical application of neuroprotective agents are provided briefly.

Keywords

Alpha-synuclein

Blood-brain barrier

Focused ultrasound

Neuroprotective factors

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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