القاء نفوذپذیری در سد خونی-مغزی با کمک امواج متمرکز فراصوت به منظور افزایش تاثیر فاکتورهای محفاظت‌کننده عصبی در بیماری پارکینسون

نوع مقاله : مروری سیستماتیک

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی زیست فرآیند پژوهشکده صنعت و محیط زیست پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیماری پارکینسون دومین بیماری شایع تحلیل‌برنده سلول‌های عصبی، بعد از آلزایمر محسوب ‌می‌شود و میزان ابتلابه آن در جهان روبه افزایش است. در بیماری پارکینسون با تخریب نورون‌های دوپا‌مینرژیک در قسمت فشرده‌ی جسم سیاه مغز همراه است که منجر به اختلالات شدید حرکتی می شودکه همراه با ازدست رفتن پایانه‌‌های نورونی بطور عمده در پوتامن خلفی است. ویژگی دیگر بیماری پارکینسون در نواحی آسیب دیده مغزی؛ گسترش تجمعات آمیلوئیدی آلفا‌سینوکلئین در پلاک‌های پروتئینی به نام لویی بادی است. تاکنون درمان موثر برای محافظت نورونی پیدا نشده است و داروهای تایید شده صرفا برای کاهش یا رفع علائم بیماری ‌تجویز میشوند از جمله برای افزایش ترشح دوپامین و یا کاهش فعالیت استیل‌کولین در سیستم عصبی مرکزی است و ارائه یک روش درمانی موثر که را در مراحل اولیه بیماری بهبود دهد ضرورت دارد. باوجود پیشرفت هایی در توسعه داروهایی که می توانند مرگ سلول عصبی را کاهش و نورون‌ها را در برابر آسیب محافظت کنند حاصل شده است، اما دارورسانی هدفمند، یک مشکل اساسی در این زمینه می باشد. در این راستا استفاده از فناوری‌های به‌ روز برای عبوردهی داروها از سدخونی مغزی بدون آسیب به مغز ارزشمند است. در این زمینه امواج متمرکز فراصوت، امکان باز شدن موقتی سد خونی- مغزی برای تسهیل نفوذ فاکتورهای محافظت‌کننده عصبی را به مناطق عمقی مغزبدون نیاز به جراحی فراهم می‌سازد. در این مطالعه مروری، کاربرد امواج متمرکز فراصوت به عنوان راهکار جدید دارورسانی در مدل‌های بیماری پارکینسون و کاربرد بالقوه بالینی عوامل محافظت‌کننده عصبی ارائه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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