---

Cell concentrations and growth rate of Dunaliella salina Teodoresco in light intensities e. g. 50 and 150 µmol. photons.m-2.s-1 and temperatures 25 ± 0.5 and 31 ± 0.5 oC (Mean ± SD) were studied. The algae was isolated from the Urumieh Lake and cultured in various treatments (n=12). Algae cells were counted regularly using Thoma counting chamber in 3 replicates on daily basis. The curve of changes in population was plotted. The specific growth rate (SGR; d-1) was calculated and compared within treatments by means of two ways ANOVA Analysis. The highest cell concentration (Mean ± SD) 4.8 ± 0.6 × 10 6 cell.ml-1 was observed in light intensity of 150 µmol. photons.m-2.s-1 and temperature 25 ± 0.5 oC. The minimum cell concentration (2.8 ± 0.3 × 10 6 cell.ml-1) was observed in light intensity of 50 µmol. photons.m-2.s-1 and temperature 31 ± 0.5 oC. Specific growth rate showed significant differences in various treatments (P

---

The present paper comparatively surveys two genres of poetry: the Japanese Haiku and the Baluchi Liku. Liku is an improvised one-verse poem with syllabic rhythm, in which the half-verses rhyme to each other. Haiku is the commencement of a long poem, named Haikai No Renga/俳諧の連歌. This onset, which was named Hokku/発句, was not known as Haiku till the beginning of the 20^th century. But Since then, Haiku became distinguished from Haikai No Renga/俳諧の連歌. Haiku is a short poem comprising of 17 syllables, respectively 5-7-5. Haiku is improvised, and the real events and daily experiences are the main theme of this genre of poetry.The structural-content features for such a comparison are the number of syllables, the place of pause, the lexis, stylistic defamiliarization , proper names, loan words, cultural words, similes, semantic defamiliarization, representation of ethnic beliefs ,and realism. This comparative survey confirmed that all these features except semantic defamiliarisation were common to both Haiku and Liku.

---

Superabsorbent hydrogel is a three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer that can absorb and store large amounts of water and aqueous solutions. Among various polymers, the chitosan as a biodegradable and non-toxic polymer has been widely used to fabricate superabsorbent hydrogels. In this research, a nanohydrogel composed of chitosan, acrylic acid and silver nanoparticles was synthesized by radical polymerization at 60 C^o. Swelling properties of chitosan/nanosilver/acrylic acid hydrogel were studied and then this hydrogel was treated under  ultrasonication. Finally, this hydrogel was coated on paper samples with 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 w % of hydrogel. FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine the functional groups and dynamic light scattering method (DLS) was applied to identify the size of hydrogel’s nano and microparticles The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a hydrogel coating on paper and water stress tests revealed that adding 0% to 1.5 w% of nanohydrogels to the paper surface increased its water absorption from 64.3% to 95.5%. Other worthwhile fact was that that the addition of silver nanoparticles effectively facilitated the formation of a three-dimensional hydrogel structure and increased the water swelling in nanohydrogel from 130 ± 10 g / g to 232 ± 7 g / g.

---

The present paper aimed to comparatively study the orientational conceptual metaphors in Persian and Spanish. In this work, within the Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) classification of conceptual metaphors as structural, orientational and ontological metaphors, we have tried to the concentrate on the examination of orientational metahors applied to data collected from Spanish, and to prove the use of these metaphors at the level of metaphorical mapping as well as linguistic representation in Persian. The analysis of 38 samples of orientational conceptual metaphors in the form of 10 names of mapping extracted from the Spanish novel Conversation in the Cathedral by Mario Vargas Llosa, a collection of papers in Spanish about conceptual metaphors, and a series of oral data, made us conclude that the similarities related to conceptual metaphors based on the human understanding of the sense of “space” and “direction” are more than the disparities in these two languages.  

---

The purpose of the present article is to  make a comparative  study of theme markedness in Persian and English medical texts. It aims to determine the similarities and differences of Persian and English with regard to markedness. The study has been done based on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and is concerned with the textual metafunction of this approach. To accomplish the purpose of the study, several books and articles were selected in the field of medical sciences. The corpus contained 1000 randomly chosen clauses of written texts, the data were gathered in both Persian and English and the research method was descriptive-analytic. The restults indicated that in Persian medical texts, circumstantial adjuncts in the subject position have a high frequency, representing that such an occurrence sounds unmarked to Persian native speakers and Persian has a different word order rather than English in medical texts. It does not completely conform to the concept of Halliday’s theory with regard to markedness. This research  also illustrates that the properties of being pro-drop and having non-fixed word order distinguish Persian from English regarding the notion of markedness. In addition to language differences, theme markedness is closely related to some factors such as authors’/writers’ style differences, writing form types, text-clause relationship, emphasis, contrast, and specific genre. Since, the above mentioned factors in Persian and English effect theme markedness, they are regarded as their similarities, while language structure refers to their differences.

---

The goal of this article is to demystify the press texts and discover their hidden layers of meaning in the framework of critical discourse analysis. To do so, using socio-semantic features of Van Leeuwen's model (1996), 40 numbers of four Iranian Persian publications of a two–month period, from July 22 to September 21, 2011 were studied qualitatively. The data analysis results indicated that the ideology dominating the minds of writers and groups is reflected in the text using discursive features as personalization, impersonalization, activation, backgrounding, etc., and the linguistic realization of discursive structures is performed using linguistic structures as nominalization, pre-modifiers, active versus passive structures, coordination, etc. in the texts. Also there is a dialectic relationship between discursive structures and ideology, which can be determined by studying these structures in the texts and social institutions.

---

Based on Talmy’s (2000) lexicalization patterns, languages are considered either verb-framed or satellite-framed in terms of the language unit (either verb roots or satellites) that encodes Path of motion.  According to Talmy’s hypothesis Indo-European languages except for Post Hellenic and Romans fall into satellite-framed class, since speakers of these languages conflate Manner of motion in the verb roots, while Path appears in satellites. This paper investigates the pervasive pattern Persian pre-school speaker children use to express motion components, namely Manner and Path in elicited narratives based on ten short animated clips simultaneously demonstrating Manner and path of motion. The Children’s narratives have further been compared to those of adults in order to highlight differences and similarities in mapping two semantic components onto language units. In the end, it has been discussed whether or not Persian, as an Indo-European language fits into Talmy’s binary typology. The analysis in this study illustrates that when narrating motion pictures, children follow the same pattern as adults do to encode Manner and Path; both groups employ path verbs with or without path satellites for vertical displacements, and prepositional phrases for horizontal trajectories where boundary crossing occurs. Manner of motion is either conflated in verb roots or not mentioned. Therefore as far as Path of motion is concerned, Persian language within the scope of the present study fits into verb-framed class of languages

---

This paper investigates the islands formation in initial stages of restoration process in blackout condition and studies the impacts of islands number variation on the process execution. In addition, a method is proposed to determining each island optimal boundaries. Then the effects of transmission lines Thyistor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC) to facilitate restoration process and improvement of optimal solutions are studied. Energy Not supplied (ENS) index minimization is the objective function and the optimization method is Genetic Algorithm. The test network modeling has been done using a special appropriate chromosome coding. Various operational constraints such as voltage margins in buses, transmission lines capacities and generators loading limits have been considered in optimization process and final solution evaluation. The IEEE-118 bus network has been used as test system to assess the capabilities of the proposed method. Some obtained results have been given in the case study section. .

---

The purpose of this article is to provide simple and practical tips for pain care and management for patients with musculoskeletal pain during the Covid epidemic.

---

---

---

---

The present research surveys orientational metaphors in Quran in a cognitive approach. Space and orientation in the space are basic cognitive domains employed as source domain for conceptual metaphors. The research aims to explore the target domain concepts formed based on the orientational concepts. Thus the “Noor software” was searched with seven orientation marking keywords. All the verses including these keywords were identified in Quran and 60 instances of metaphorical application of these items were recognized. Some of the most prominent abstract concepts formed through orientational metaphors in Quran are “degree and dignity; bliss; superiority and advantage” among others. Findings of the research show that the special application of orientational metaphors in Quran is a stylistic and semantic feature. 
Keywords: Quran؛ Conceptual metaphor؛ Orientational metaphor؛ Corpus

---

In this paper, power system restoration in the presence of SVC and TCSC in partial outage conditions is considered and a new method for maximum load restoration using different control variables is presented. Control variables are tap of transformers, generation rescheduling and operating points of FACTS devices. Objective function is restored load (to be maximized) and constraints are voltage magnitudes in buses, carrying load in lines and power generation limits in generators. Also SPA limits in voltage angles in both sides of circuit breakers before closing are considered. With respect to the number of control variables, optimization is done using Genetic Algorithm with IEEE-118bus network as the test system.

---

One of the methods to create loyalty among customers is presenting a value through customer clubs which is beyond the intrinsic value of the product or service. In order to achieve this aim, a new perspective of customer club’s basics that is based on findings business model is needed. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore customer club Hafez Insurance business model as the first private insurance in free zones of Iran, with an emphasis on"innovation"and" customers block ".In this research, we try to find out the answer of questions such as customers segmentation in the insurance industry, Identifying distribution channels, the type of services and products that offered in the club correspond to the target of customers and the type of value which is created for customers to increase loyalty. From the data collection method standpoint, current study is a qualitative research and was conducted through in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus group. This focus group meeting is consist of 12 experts of Hafez Insurance Company that have been selected based on purposefully sampling method. Finally, by analyzing the findings from focus group research and using the Atlas.ti software, basics of "innovation" and " customers blocks are explained. The content of qualitative data suggests that components of customers block include three themes of customers segmentation, distribution channels and communication with customers, 11 sub-components and 40 items. Components of innovation include the proposed theme for value, eight sub-components and 29 items.

---

Aims: Recognizing the environmental factors affecting plants structural trials and biomass is important to conserve plants as well as their ecosystem function, and services. Onobrychis aurea is a valuable forage that is distributed in the marl lands and is considered as an endangered plant species in Iran. In the present study, the ecological characteristics (plant traits) of this species has been investigated in detail.
Materials & Methods: For this purpose, structural traits and biomass of O. aurea were investigated in 12 ecological units with different topographical and soil conditions. Three soil samples were taken to 15cm depth, (0-15cm) in each ecological unit. The relationship between structural traits and species biomass with environmental factors was tested by redundancy analysis (RDA) method in 2016.
Findings: The results indicated that the soil characteristics including clay, lime and silt content play a more important role in the structural and biomass traits of O. aurea evidence show. Spatial and topographical factors, especially elevation and geographical aspects, had a smaller contribution in structural traits and species biomass in comparison with soil factors. Higher structural values were recorded in heavy textured alkaline soils. The slope percentages also have no significant effect on plant characteristics.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the soil and topographic factors are very important for management of O. aurea. In general, it should also be emphasized that having good knowledge related to plant ecology as well as environmental condition could help managers to conserve and rehabilitate endangered plants.

---

---

The question of plurality and repetition of crime in the Iranian criminal law may be approached from three different angles: first is the definition which has been given to the said terms. Despite some doubts, there has been no change regarding the definition of the plurality of crime after the 1979 Revolution. However, as to the repetition of crime, the Iranian legislator while considering the issue of Hodud (God made punishment), has made an incomplete definition open to criticism. Second is the distinction which has been made between two kinds of material plurality of crimes. The legislat or has divided it to two category of material plurality of similar and different crimes. As to the later, the rule of collective punishment has been applied, whereas regarding the former, the rule of unity of punishment or the court's discretionary power to aggravate the penalty has been accepted. This initiation has also taken root from the hodud issue but considering the fundamental and substantive differences which exist between the rules governing Hodud and Tazirat (Judg made punishment), this measure of the legislator is untenable. Third issue concerns the criterion of aggrevating punishment in plurality of similar crimes and repetition of crime. The legislator, in spite of granting the judge the discretion to aggravate punishment, has indicated no criterion for it. This has led the Iran's supreme court to take a decision on the basis of the principle of nulla poena sine lege when it approached the issue of plurality of similar crimes. It did not approved the power of the courts to determine a punishment more than the maximum legal penalty.

---

Abstract:
In this article, we have studied the works of Sohrab Sepehri, Iranian poet and the Tadao Ando, Japanese architect of to show the joint poetic of form and space in their works. In this research, after extracting poetic components in the works of these two artists, it was found that their works, like haiku poems, are influenced by Zen, which is an image of reality that is formed after a real connection with space. The theoretical basis of this research is Heidegger's idea of openness to truth. Heidegger believes that the truth of "things" is not revealed by words. The things itself must clarify the meaning or truth. Art helps to clarify the truth of things through beauty. When we connect to the space of the work through the beauty path of the work, openness to the truth occurs. The poetic space of Sepehri and Ando's works makes communication possible through the beauty.
 

---

The current study investigates the similarities and differences of conceptualization of SADNESS in representative corpuses of ordinary (non-poetic) and poetic language. Analysing two separate corpuses (Persian Language Data Base and Farsi Language Corpus), the writers managed to identify and extract the relevant conceptual metaphors of SADNESS in both ordinary language and contemporary poetics respectively. Then according to Conceptual Metaphor Theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1989), the most frequent generic and specific mappings of SADNESS in both ordinary and poetic language were determined. The study showed that almost all the generic metaphors of SADNESS occur in both types discourse, though some of them occur significantly in either the one or the other type. An analysis of the two sets of metaphors revealed several important differences between poetic and non-poetic conceptualization of SADNESS, including the higher degree of agentivity, positive conceptualization of SADNESS and unconventionality in poetic language compared to non-poetic genre. The finding that almost all the identified metaphors are found in poetic and non-poetic language supports Lakoff and Turner’s claim (1989) that there is nothing essentially different about poetic metaphors.