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Nowadays, application of enhanced oil recovery methods has increased; therefore it’s necessary to determine their impacts on environment and human life. So, this research investigates the environmental impacts of conventional enhanced oil recovery methods and new methods such as using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound waves, and nanoparticles. The investigations show that electromagnetic waves and ultrasound can effectively remove many environmental pollutants. Characteristics of the wave and the type of formation determine that these waves have different effects on the formation, and efforts should be made to understand these effects to prevent damage to the formation. Nanoparticles can also reduce the quantity of pollutants in the environment. According to the mechanisms of entrapment of nanoparticles in the porous medium, they may remain in the reservoir and find their way to the underground water over time, so their environmental effects should be considered in the long term. A better knowledge of new methods of increasing oil extraction will lead to the identification and use of more suitable methods with less environmental effects (compared to conventional methods).

 

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This article tries to identify the common stability themes and factors in the poems of Shamlu and Darvish. For doing so, the poems of these poets were investigated in descriptive and analytical way. Comparative study of Shamlu and Darvish poems in the scope of stability poetry and explaining the common elements and analysis of the stability themes from content and linguistic perspective will be effective in analysis of the stability poetry in the world literature. In addition, this analysis helps us to identify these poets’ ideology and thoughts in detail. Therefore, the common elements of stability poetry in the world literature are recognized by broad research on the resistance literature of the nations. The poems of Mahmud Darvish and Ahmad Shamlu contain numerous common themes on resistance literature such as patriotism, confronting oppression and liberty and etc. The conditions of both poets have influenced their poetry and both of them have expressed their ideals ideologically because of tyranny and suffocation.

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Tarski’s theory of truth was first introduced in “The concept of truth in formalized languages.” In this paper, we introduce Tarski’s truth theory in detail, based on the mentioned article, and make its account clear about the main questions that he faced. Also, we argue that accepting Tarski’s theory of truth entails Platonism in mathematics.

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Problem: The historical areas and centers of the city of Tabriz contain precious treasures of human historical and cultural works. In order to prevent the reduction of the importance of these historical centers, it is necessary to implement regeneration plans. that the implementation of tourism projects can lead to the re-prosperity of the eight city of Tabriz.
Aim: Promote the tourism development of urban historical-cultural places by recreating the historical-cultural contexts of zone 8 of Tabriz city.
Methods: The current research method is descriptive-analytical, and library studies and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research includes the entire population of the eight zone Tabriz, and based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was 375 people. Exploratory factor analysis methods along with multivariate regression method were used for data analysis.
Findings: Based on the results of the research, four basic factors were discovered and the results showed that all regeneration factors involved in the development of tourism have significant relationship with the promotion of tourism in the historical-cultural places of Tabriz, and according to the socio-cultural factors (0.612), Physical factor with (0.507) and architectural quality index with (0.462), economic factor with (0.325) and environmental factor with (0.296) have the most to least effect in promoting tourism development. 
Conclusion: As a historical context with an approach to urban tourism in historical-cultural places, the eight zone has opportunities and strengths that can help to create lively spaces and tourist-friendly places by relying on them.

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Aim: Malnutrition prevalence is unknown among elderly patients with diabetes. Nutrition therapy is an essential component in the treatment program for diabetics. Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a common risk factor in older patients with diabetes, which can affect their health. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the nutritional condition of elderly with diabetes in Babol City, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Babol City during January-April 2017 on 200 older patients with diabetes. Malnutrition was assessed with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) approach. The patients were followed up until discharge. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics methodology, and correlation among variables was determined by the Chi-square, T-test, and One Way ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that about 50% of the elderly patients were suffering from malnutrition, and 20% had normal nutritional status, and approximately 30% were exposed to malnutrition.
Conclusion: It is possible to identify people at risk for malnutrition. These individuals are suffering from malnutrition more likely due to lower level of caloric intake that can be easily corrected by nutritional intervention. It is necessary to improve the status of elderly diabetic patients with malnutrition suffering by administering normal nutritional status and special attention.

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This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between exports diversification and productivity for nine Iranian manufacturing industries using a panel data approach. Empirical results indicate that productivity and exports have similar trends over the period considered in this study. Indicators such as capital-labor ratio in sub-sectors of the manufacturing and the real effective exchange rate have positive effects on productivity. Exports diversity index has also a positive and significant impact on productivity such that one percentage change in this index increases productivity by 1.8 percent. The effect of trade liberalization on manufacturing productivity is negative and negligible, implying that, to promote productivity, policymakers should consider other fundamental and institutional factors in addition to the foreign trade.

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According to Jung's Archetype concept. some of the affective behavioral and though patterns are inherited by human beings and these patterns do significantly affect human being's personality development. These primordial perceptions are rooted in "collective unconscious" and since mystical poetry is this poet's achievement from this smooth layer. therefore. many archetypes will appear in that. The idea of "perfect man" is one of these archetypes. The appearance of this idea within mystical poetry is illustrative of the poet's challenge in achieving self-actualization and realizing self.
The present study applies a descriptive-analytical approach and it mainly relies upon Jung's psychology school. The objective of this study is to provide the reader with a psychological criticism of "Emadodin Nasimi"'s poetry. with regard to perfect man idea. This archetype has been projected within various characters such as Prophet Muhammad. Fazlollah Na'eemi. etc. The appearance of this idea in Nasimi's poetry follows a specific target and the main purpose in so doing is for the poet himself to achieve "self". This achievement is the result of passing several stages like " Identification ". "mental inflation". "projection" and " Individuation ".

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Little effort has been exerted in the domain of the study of the relation between age structure of population with macroeconomic variables and the study of its effects on the economy of Iran. According to Life Cycle Theory, middle-age groups are owners of savings and young and old-age groups are consumers (their consumption is more than their savings). Wicksell’s cumulative Inflation Process Theory, founded on the resolutions of saving and investment, also foresees that the surplus of the demand raised from the difference in interest rate would contribute to the surplus of consumption which would cause, in turn, demand pressure and finally would result to more inflation. The presernt study is a document-experiment research and combining the above mentioned two theories, tries to analyze the effects of the age distribution of the population on inflation in the Iran, using estimation in OLS method. The findings of the research showed that the consuming age groups i.e. the ages between 0 – 14 years, 15 - 19 years, and over 64 years have a meaningful positive effect on the inflation, while saving age groups i.e. ages between 30 - 44 and 45 - 64 years have a meaningful negative effect on the inflation. The population limiting policy which has been exerted since 1989 has also had a meaningful negative effect on the inflation in Iran.

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Aims: Nurses need to think critically to provide effective care. They use critical thinking skills (CTS) every day to care based on the nursing process (NP). Caring and CT are at the core of professional nursing education. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between NP blended learning methods and CT.
Materials & Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental cross-sectional educational evaluation, which was performed on 26 undergraduate students in their third semester at the Ramsar School of Nursing in 2022. According to the training program, these students were divided into four groups. Data were collected by the checklist of NP scores and California Critical Thinking Skills Test; form-B before and after a two-phase, six-day intervention with blended learning.
Findings: The paired t-test showed that except for the stage of review and recognition, this difference was significant for other states and the total score, which indicates the effect of the blended method on learning clinical NP in students. Before training, 95.7% of students had strong CT, which reached 100% after training. A significant relationship was observed between the total score of the second stage of clinical NP and deductive reasoning after training (p=0.04). There was no significant relationship between the total score of clinical NP and the total score of CT before and after training.
Conclusion: Blended learning methods should be considered in nursing curricula, and it seems that traditional methods cannot be successful in learning NP and CT.

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Among rhizobacteria, plant-beneficial effects of Pseudomonas bacteria are known in agricultural ecosystems. Screening of fluorescent pseudomonad isolates obtained from potato rhizosphere led to selecting five bio-reagents capable of controlling soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) (JX029052) in plate assay, on intact potato tubers and under storage challenges using preventative and curative applications. The biocontrol features related to the tested rhizospheric bacteria were also evaluated. According to phenotypic tests, the representative antagonistic strains belong to the fluorescent pseudomonads group and are placed in the P. protegens cluster based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Strains IrPs8 and IrPs18 are potent to produce siderophore, cyanide hydrogen, and protease, form strong biofilm and carry phl, plt and prn genes on their genomes corresponding to 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin, respectively. Treated tubers inoculated with IrPs8 and IrPs18 showed a reduction in the soft rot-inducing potency of Pcc by 63.4 and 65.5% in preventative and by 57.8 and 58.3% in curative tests, respectively, under storage conditions that confirmed the in vivo results. This study highlights the potential of rhizospheric P. protegens strains as beneficial bacteria that can be suggested as preservative coatings for potato tubers under storage conditions.

 

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Designing new drug delivery systems is important; therefore, in the present study the interaction between an anti-cancer drug, bicalutamide, and an amide/acid hydrogel was studied. Analyzing was done by using docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at 37 and 42 °C. The results showed that the binding free energies of the drug to the hydrogel system at two temperatures were similar, and altering the temperature did not affect the stability of the system. The van der Waals interaction is the most crucial interaction between the drug and the hydrogel, which depends on the distance between the drug and hydrogel. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, are the major factors in the stability of the hydrogel system. Due to the stability of the studied system, it can be used as a drug carrier.
 

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The major purpose of this paper is to illustarte of statistical design accuracy using trajectory simulation for launch vehicles design in conceptual design phase and also sensitivity analysis of velocity relative to effective external forces. Considering the advantages of statistical design to prevent the time and cost losses, system specification of sample launch vehicle calculated based on statistical data of the studied population. Then, by solving the equations of motion, design parameters are calculated in such a way that difference of the final velocity of trajectory simulation and needed orbital speed is less than 1 percent. Studied launch vehicles are two-stage liquid propellant vehicles, with Portability 2.5-3.5 tons mass to the low earth orbit. To validate, curves of speed, altitude and angle of path of launch vehicle designed with statistical method, compared with curves of Tsiklon launch vehicle, therefore correct operation the mission and accuracy of the statistical design algorithm is proved. By comparing ideal speed and speed of simulation, speed changes of any effective force obtained. Eventually speed loss factor at each stage and sensitive percent of each stage speed relative to the force, for both launch vehicles, statistical design and tsiklon, is analyzed.

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In recent years, synchronous with the development and diversification of bread production, have expanded various processing methods, as well as the co processes (additives). One of the traditional products that have been welcomed by consumers for many years in eastern Asia due to the simplicity of raw materials and ease of using is roti bread. Therefore, in the present study, has been investigated the use of baking methods, such as hot-electric plates and rotary oven and compare them with the traditional method and so on is evaluated using of guar, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Carrageenan hydrocolloids (each one 0.5%) in roti bread formulation in a completely randomized double factorial arrangement test (P≤0.05). The results of this study clearly showed that application of hot-electric plates for baking along with addition of both CMC and guar gum in the formulation, had effect on the moisture content and crust L* value and in this regard the effect of CMC gum was higher than guar gum. Also, based on the results, it was found that the sample produced by the hot-electric plates containing CMC gum had the least firmness of the texture during 2 and 72 hours after baking, as well as one week after baking (P≤0.05). Finally, tasting the samples, the panelists introduced the samples produced with hot-electric plates containing CMC gum and samples produced with hot-electric plates containing guar gum as the best samples.
 

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In this study response surface modeling was performed by using experimental datachr('39')s obtained from the amount of samples weigh, moisture content and the Brix of produced samples after different condition of osmotic dehydration process including: different concentration (0-60 %w/w) of sucrose solution with different temperature (45-55 ⁰C) and different processing time (60-180 minutes). Results showed that osmotic solution concentration and temperature and duration of osmotic process had significant effect on the amount of moisture content, Brix, the weight of sample after osmotic process and sensory attributes of final product. The highest amount of Brix (39.69%) was observed in the dried samples in osmotic solution with 60% concentration for 180 minutes, while the lowest amount of brix was related to osmotic processing time of 60 minutes and solution temperature of 45 ° C, which shows the significant effect of osmotic solution concentration and osmotic processing temperature and time on the brix changes of samples. Results of the sensory evaluation showed that, the highest amount of texture (8.85) and color (8.46) desirability score were observed in the osmotic processing time and temperature range from 45-52.5 ° C for 160-85 minutes. The amount of texture and color desirability score of the samples decreased by increasing osmotic processing time and temperature. The higher osmotic solution concentration and the lower osmotic processing time and temperature lead to the better color and texture of the samples. Osmotic dehydration improved different quality attributes (color, taste and texture) of final product compared with blank samples. Increase of samples Brix during osmotic dehydration process, indicates an increase in the transfer of sugar molecules into the samples tissue. Therefore, in sensory evaluation, the amount of taste sensory score increased with increasing osmotic processing time and temperature and osmotic solution concentration.

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The history and evolution of civil liability of parents against their children in Iran and England’s legal systems indicate the acceptance of absolute discretion for parents regarding their children to such an extent that unconditional power of parents over the lives of their children could be put forward from a historical perspective. The result of that historical approach in the field of civil liability was parents’ immunity from civil liability, which is called "the parents’ immunity rule from civil liability against their children". However, as time passed and changes occurred in the field of tort law, history underwent a new chapter, and parents’ immunity rule from civil liability against their children was altered from its absolute and unconditional form so that children could be covered and supported by individual rights; consequently, its special protections and immunity turned into liability in numerous cases. This research demonstrates that in the current law, civil liability of parents against their children has progressed from being "personal" to the "collective" civil liability and even to the "state compensation" stage for damages incurred by children. In our legal system, along with the use of progressive views of Islamic jurisprudence in regard with "Zaman Aqele (liability of the male members of families)", part of which includes liability of Jarire and compensation by relatives and compensation by the Islamic treasury (or Beytolmal) as well, which is compensation by the government, a new viewpoint has been established toward compensation through social contracts such as insurance and social security, on the one hand, and the government, on the other. Therefore, the legislator can hold the government responsible by formation of “Civil Liability Insurance Funds” through enacting the required law for the events in which there are no sources of compensation or legal bases of financial capability for compensation. This paper illustrates the fact that the scope of the mentioned rule has been widely reduced in English law, and also the fact that its exceptional application has been accepted in Iranian law. Hence, it can be said that the rule of “parents’ immunity from civil liability” has moved out from its absolute form and has entered the history of law.  

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The aim of this study was to identify the lactic acid of the dominant bacteria in pickled garlic, using initial biochemical tests and PCR technique and to investigate their potential probiotic potential. For this purpose, to determine the probiotic potential of these isolates, some confirmatory tests including resistance to acid, resistance to simulated gastric conditions, resistance to bile salts, activity against pathogenic bacteria, susceptibility to some common antibiotics and hemolytic activity of isolates were performed. Based on BLAST results, five isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, two isolates as Pediococcus ethanolidurans and one isolate as Lactobacillus brevis were identified. The lactic acid bacteria isolated in this study had the ability to survive at pH 2.5, grow in medium containing 0.3% bile salt, were sensitive to antibiotics and lacked hemolytic activity and therefore have probiotic properties. Supernatant of isolates of this study in high concentrations had the ability to inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria and the lethal activity against them. Finally, the isolates of this study can be added to other products in the future as a strain with probiotic potential.

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Investing in housing is one of the most common methods of investing in Iran. The housing and construction sector has a widespread relationship with other economic sectors. Housing annually attracts a large amount of liquidity in the country, so investing in this sector is more important in the process of growth. In this paper, first the relationship between investing in housing and economic growth is evaluated by the Granger causality test. The results of this test showed that there is a one-way causal relationship from investing in housing to economic growth. Then, using GMM method and time series data from 1981-2019, the impact of investing in housing on Iran's economic growth is studied. The results showed that investing in housing has a positive and significant effect on Iran's economic growth. The lag of variable “economic growth” has a positive effect on economic growth in later years. Also, other results indicate that human capital, capital stock, government expenditure index and industrialization index have positive and significant effects on Iran's economic growth. Based on the results, it can be suggested that the shortcomings and barriers to investment in the housing sector should be removed, and also incentives and facilities for investment in housing can be effective in increasing economic growth.

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 The objective of the present study was to evaluate antifungal activities of 18 native Bacillus strains against Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker in saline and normal conditions. Besides, the effect of exogenously provided bacterial osmoprotectants (ectoines) on biocontrol activity of three selected Bacillus strains with the highest biocontrol activity and three antagonistic bacteria from two different genera (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptomyces rimosus and Streptomyces monomycini) was studied in normal and saline conditions. To reveal the effects of ectoines on the mode of action of antagonism, amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, chitinase and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) activity, biofilm formation and intracellular ectoines of the selected strain (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UTB96) were investigated in normal and saline conditions. Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences divided Bacillus strains into two groups: one clade included strains that were tolerant up to 5% and the second 13% NaCl. Salt (0.3M NaCl) reduced the antagonistic activity of selected Bacillus strains (10.39-38.34%) and P. fluorescens (25.77%) compared to the control. Exogenously provided ectoines adjusted the biocontrol drop caused by NaCl in Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains and increased biocontrol activity of S. monomycini. Salinity (0.3M NaCl) reduced amylase activity of UTB96 up to 17% and ectoines prevented the reduction. Salt also decreased biofilm formation to about 3-fold and ectoines significantly ameliorated the reduction. The HPLC assay indicated that UTB96 accumulated ectoine and hydroxyectoine 0.16 and 0.10 µg/mg cell dry weight, respectively. Exogenously added ectoine and hydroxyectoine led to a significant increase in UTB96 intracellular ectoines concentrations.