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Three countries, turkey, Syria and Iraq that have the common spillway and basin of Tigris and Euphrates due to increasing dependence to these rivers they have had to establish a dam and control the water streams in their territories. In this regard turkey government which is located upper than its south neighbors based on eastern south Anatolia project or GAP for developing agriculture and industry in its eastern south territory need a huge amount of water of Tigris and Euphrates. Furthermore because of dam building in its territory has decreased the share of water for Iraq and Syria. The reduction of water of Tigris and Euphrates has had negative impacts on environmental security and inappropriate political, economic and social effects on Iraq and Syria. This problem and political goals of turkey in recent decades have made the conflicts and challenges among these three countries. This research based on descriptive and analytic method and resources try to answer this question that what is the effect of hydropolitic gab project on environmental security of Iraq and Syria and what are the turkey goals of this plan? Implementing the phases of gap project in recent decades has had negative environmental impacts such as water pollution, eliminating the rare species, increasing the desertification, destroying the swamps and basins and producing hazes in Iraq and Syria and it seems that turkey government is establishing the hydrohegemony in the region.

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In the last decades, increasing petroleum prices, diminishing oil resources, incessant fluctuations in the oil prices and concerns about global shortage of energy resources have boosted research on production and commercialization of biofuels, e.g., ethanol and butanol, obtained from renewable resources. Besides its application as a fuel, butanol has found numerous industrial applications for the production of plasticizers, lacquers, coatings, detergents, and brake fluids. Biobutanol, together with acetone and ethanol, can be produced in industrial scale by a process called Acetone Butanol Ethanol (ABE) fermentation in anaerobic condition using Clostridium acetobutylicum bacterium. The nature of the carbohydrate and nutrients in the fermentation can affect the ratio of solvents obtained in the ABE fermentation process. In this research, influence of various nutrients and glucose concentrations on the production of butanol by this bacterium was investigated. Results showed that presence of biotin, thiamine, para-amino-benzoic acid, and yeast extract as well as several ions including Mg, Fe, Mn, phosphate, and ammonium acetate in the culture medium is essential for the production of butanol by C. acetobutylicum. Lacks of these compounds in the medium significantly reduced the production of solvents, in spite of the growth of the bacterium .also optimum concentration of glucose was 40g/l for maximum production solvent .In this concentration, maximum solvent concentration was achieved 10.5 g/l and maximum butanol concentration was achieved 6.7g/l with yield of 26.25%.

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Aim: As one of the most important factors in interpersonal interactions, attachment style develops in childhood and continues in future according to the context where one grows. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for attachment styles in housewives in Birjand, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 housewives referring to health centers in Birjand in 2016. The participants were selected by the cluster sampling method, and were assessed using Collins and Read’s Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (RASS) and a researcher-made questionnaire with regard to the constructs of TPB. The data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests. The significance level was set at P values less than 0.05.
Findings: A significant negative correlation between marriage duration and anxious attachment style (r=-0.145) and a significant positive correlation between marriage age and secure attachment style (r=0.180) was found. The avoidant attachment style was correlated positively with attitude and perceived behavioral control variables, and the anxious attachment style was associated negatively with attitude and perceived behavioral control variables. The attitude and subjective norms constructs predicted 6.7% of the avoidant attachment style, while attitude predicted 4.6% of the anxious attachment style.
Conclusion: TPB is a weak predictor of attachment styles. Thereby, indirect effective factors and contributors to attachment styles should be identified.

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Abstract Adaptive literature is one of the areas of study that has recently attracted the attention of researchers. By comparative study of works, one can reach the emotions, emotions, thoughts, and common concerns among poets and writers all over the world. With the prevalence of translation and travel to Europe, the poetry of European poets has had a great impact on our contemporary poetry. Among these European poets are T. Salliot, Paul E. Lumber, Andrea Burton, Louis Aragon and others. Ahmad Shamloo has written Aida's poetry in his own time under the influence of Eliza's poetry in the Aragón Ayman. Therefore, this essay is based on the analytical-descriptive library resources to the influence of Shamloo of Aragon and the study of virtual images in describing the beloved in the poetry of both poets. The result is that Shamloo, in the composition of Aida in the mirror, considers the poetry of Elza in the mirror of Aragon and other French poets and uses his images and words and his thoughts, but his poetry from the boundaries of the house and the village to the alley , The city expands and more socially than Aragon.

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Jarr, as a preposition, is significant among the other particles since it functions as a connector between the verb and noun in a given sentence; thus, the mere connection between the verb and the noun as well as its type depend on the precise definition of Jarr. Early grammarians took Jarr as a connector between the verb and the noun, but the recent ones, routinely, define it as words that modify the noun following it. This difference in definition has brought many debates regarding the number of Jarrs and their semantic analysis. This study aims to investigate different definitions of Jarr suggested by grammarians through a descriptive-analytic method to answer the following questions:
1. What are the labels and etymology of each Jarr?
2. Which definition matches more with the function of Jarr in Arabic?
3. What is the categorization of Jarr based on the agreed-upon definition?
4. How many Jarrs are there in Arabic and how many of those are used in the Quran?
The study aims to find a precise definition of Jarr to be matched with its functions in Arabic, particularly Quran, so that it could be taken as a scientific criterion to evaluate grammarians' ideas on definition, number, categorization, and function of Jarr.
The findings of the study suggest that:
1. The comprehensive definition of Jarr which is structurally and semantically matched with the general Arabic texts, particularly Quran and the Imams' narratives, is the one suggested by the early grammarians. Therefore, Jarr means to connect, convey, or make transition in the meaning of the verb and some words (e.g. derivatives, nouns derived from verbs, and noun clauses) to nouns, and nous to verbs. Based on this definition, Jarr, addition, and connection (Ibn Ghayim's expressions) have overlap, and Khafdh functions as the e'raab for these prepositions.
2. Based on the definition, Jarr should have at least two features. Firstly, it should connect the verb prior and the noun after it. Secondly, following the noun after it, it modifies the verb coming before. In other words, it belongs to the verb coming before. So, each preposition which does not have these two features cannot be taken as Jarr. Moreover, as the prepositions are not independent, and Jarr and Majroor belong to the verb coming prior, it is imperative to analyze the modifier and modified altogether to understand the meaning of Jarr and Majroor, meaning that the mere analysis of the preposition is not enough.
3. Khafdh is a noun to "Matta, Ki, La'al, Shaz". The use of Lola for the target pronoun and the connected Majroor makes the clause influent and reduced. So, even if it is a preposition, it cannot be included in the Jarr prepositions. "Hasha, Ada, Khala, Rab, Manz, and Maz" are nouns, too.
4. The Jarr prepositions, therefore, are "b, t, l, w, an, fi, men, ela, hatta, ala'a" all found in the Quran.
5. As Jarr prepositions need to be belonged and they function as means of transition for verbs, assuming them to be redundant is paradoxical and meaningless
 
 

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Quinol oxidation inhibitors (QoIs) are one of the most important classes of fungicides used in agriculture. They block electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1, thereby impeding the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. QoI fungicides are generally at high risk of provoking resistance in fungal phytopathogens. Resistance has been reported in more than thirty species, amongst others, in Botrytis cinerea. In various QoI-resistant monosporic B. cinerea isolates from Hungary, a G-to-C point mutation was identified in the mitochondrial gene that encodes the QoI target, cytochrome b, resulting in a glycine to alanine substitution at position 143 (G143A). Analysis of Hungarian group I and group II strains further indicated the frequent occurrence of an additional group I-type intron in the cytb gene directly downstream of the glycine-143 codon. Mutual presence of distinct mitochondrial DNAs specifying different cytb alleles (heteroplasmy) has also been detected in monosporic strains. Remarkably, a number of group II field isolates were found to be highly resistant to azoxystrobin although they did not appear to carry the G-to-C mutation (G143A) generally associated with fungal QoI-resistance.

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Rapid urbanization and population growth has resulted in increased traffic congestion and consequently air pollution in most major cities, in particular, in the developing countries. Knowledge on the amount of different air pollutants and their spatial and temporal concentrations is of great importance for decision makers on health, environment and air quality estimation in different scales. Mashhad, as a metropolitan, due to its specific religious, socio-cultural and geographical role in the region is declared as one of the most polluted cities of the country. Given that there is a direct relationship between traffic volume data and air pollutants (PM2.5, CO and ), this study attempts to estimate the amount of each pollutant based on traffic volume and some primary weather data. We used empirical models proposed in the literature, such as Baker model and AERMOD, as well as linear regression and nonlinear neural network methods to explore the correlation between traffic volume and air pollutants over a period of six months in the city of Mashhad. The results showed low correlation coefficients between traffic volume and air pollutants in all models, indicating that such models may not be suitable to further estimate air pollutants using only traffic volume and primary weather data. Correlation coefficients were lowest for the pollutant PM2.5 over the time period of the study. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that vehicle average velocity is by far the most influential variable in the empirical models used.

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Heat stress, or hyperthermia, can have a serious effect on chicken performance in poultry industry in many parts of the world. Both genetics and environment play key role in the performance of a chicken and, therefore, it is important to consider both factors in addressing heat stress. On genetics level, genome-wide association studies have become a popular method for studying heat stress in recent years. A population of 202 F₂ chickens was reared for 84 days to find genes and genomic regions affecting growth traits and immune system. But, due to unexpected acute increase in temperature at day 83, 182 birds died (case) and 20 birds remained alive (control). At the age of 70 days, blood sample of all birds was collected to extract their DNA, using modified salting out method. All samples were genotyped by a 60 K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip. Genome-wide association study was carried out by GCTA to identify gene and genomic regions associated with heat stress tolerance. Results indicated a close relationship between 28 SNPs, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 19, 20, and 21 and heat stress tolerance at the level of suggestive significance. Two suggestively significant markers on chromosome 5, namely, GGaluGA273356 and Gga_rs16479429, were located within and 52 Kb downstream of two genes, including MAPKBP1and SPON1, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the resistance of chickens to acute increase of temperature might be linked to the function of MAPKBP1 and SPON1 genes and their biological pathways. These results will be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of SNPs and candidate genes for heat stress tolerance in chickens and provide a basis for increasing genetic resistance in breeding programs.

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In recent years, the construction of shopping Malls has been increasingly grown across the country. But only some of them have been successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while the other ones are constantly changing the commercial units’ use. Meanwhile the lack of demand for commercial units in form of multi-purpose complexes as well as recent general recession in country’s business has aroused this situation. Research conducted on shopping Malls are mostly focused on sale of place, marketing and financing as well as a few studies on the factors associated with success of these complexes. So it is necessary to discuss about the factors affecting the success of shopping Malls which is a very new subject. The main issue of this research is to provide a success model of shopping Malls considering the unique characteristics in Iran. The method used for this research is qualitative one (grounded theory) and its nature is applied-developmental. Data was collected through a deep interview with professors, experts in construction, handover and operation of shopping Malls and sale brokers for commercial real estate and sampling is done via snowball method. Data has been collected by clarifying the subject and when it reaches the saturation point, "open coding" is carried out. Then concepts are extracted and the factors are completed after focusing on the subject and finding links by “axial coding”. Finally, the specific dimensions and a conceptual model called “success model for shopping Malls” have been presented by “selective coding”.    

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The aims of this investigation were to compare the accuracy and bias of prediction of Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) for Average Daily Gain (ADG) at 2-4 weeks old by employing pedigree-based BLUP and single-step Genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) techniques. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the optimal minor allele frequencies (MAF) threshold for pre-selecting SNPs for genetic prediction. The present investigation utilized a total of 488 F2 broiler chickens, which were derived from the crossbreeding of fast-growing Arian chickens and slow-growing native chickens from Urmia, Iran. These chickens were between 2-4 weeks old at the time of the study. Samples were genotyped using the Illumina 60K chicken Beadchip. In order to examine the impact of MAF on prediction accuracy, a total of 48,379 quality-controlled SNPs were categorized into five subgroups based on their MAF values: 0.05-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, and 0.4-0.5. The findings substantiated the dominance of ssGBLUP over conventional BLUP techniques. The average accuracy of GP improved by 1.96, 3.87, and 2.12% using ssGBLUP compared to BLUP method for ADG at 2-4 weeks of age, respectively. Using a specific MAF bin and a subset of SNPs based on age group significantly enhanced the accuracy of genomic prediction for ADG traits. Current results highlighted that the pre-selection of SNPs based on allele frequency may provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy of results, number of independent variables to be considered and computing requirements.