Showing 103 results for Azin
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Some muslim scholars and theologians believe in monotheistic creation, but others believe that Allah The Almighty has inspired monotheism to man after his creation. Aiming to investigate the collection of Mulla Sadra's works on monotheism (tawhid) and its correspondent beliefs, the Topic-based Discourse Analysis Model (See Mazinani, Alizadeh, and Azad, 1397) was applied. The results were categorised in three sections: claims, warrants/topos, and certainty in assertion. Sadra claims that the belief in the monotheism is Man's very nature and a necessity for his existence. He has made most of his claims by refering to Quranic verses and hadiths by their explicit quotation, implication and interpretation. In the maze of this important matter, this philosopher occasionally takes an implicit rational position by denoting the topos such as "benefit", "harm", "fundamental need", "necessity", "fulfillment of treaties", "trustworthiness" "Pressure", and "attribution", which these can also be infered from the quoted verses and hadiths. Of course, such kind of argumentation by Mulla Sadra makes it difficult for non-Muslims and rationalists to accept his claims and theory. In all the data considered, however, an influential decisive declarative tone prevails in the claims so that no words or signs of doubt or any item suggesting Mitigation Strategy were observed. In the same vein, the Intensification Sterategy application was nearly observed in 20% of the data, and the processes of negation and passivization with their specific function were seen in 10% of the data.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
The sugar beet moth, Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most serious threats to sugar beet cultivation worldwide causing economically significant yield loss. The life table parameters of S. ocellatella were determined on eight sugar beet cultivars (Dorothea, Ekbatan, Merak, Palma, Rozier, SBSI 007, Sharif and Shokoofa) under laboratory conditions at 25±1oC, 60±5% RH and 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod. The longest (15.29 days) and shortest (7.61 days) female longevity was recorded on Shokoofa, and Merak cultivars, respectively. At the same time, Shokoofa and Merak cultivars had the highest and lowest total fecundity (85.26 eggs/female) and (32.39 eggs/female), respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) varied from 9.31 eggs/individual to 39.44 eggs/individual on eight sugar beet cultivars; the lowest value was on Merak and the highest value was on Shokoofa. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.102 d-1) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.107 d-1) were on the Shokoofa cultivar. The results showed that all life table parameters of S. ocellatella were significantly different on the sugar beet cultivars tested. According to the conducted laboratory experiments, Merak was the most resistant cultivar to S. ocellatella compared with the other cultivars tested.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Spatial planning is a set of measures to organize the distribution of human and activities carried out in the geographical space. Each area should enjoy a range of economic and social activities based on its capabilities, needs, and situation. Spatial planning is the basis of organizing regional development and it is the main instrument for regional and national planning and policy making; it provides the basis for the preparation of socio-economic development plans for each area or country. Since for the fulfillment of development objectives all social resources, including human, economic, spatial, and environmental resources should be used and making use of all these elements needs planning, spatial planning is the basis of comprehensive development plans and projects and connects spatial, social, and economic planning, or as a whole in the form of comprehensive planning, in regional and national scale. Border areas have special characteristics due to their contacts with the external environments. The cross-border exchanges and spatial connections between the adjacent countries as well as the various vulnerabilities and threats posed by this issue necessitate special care to the process of development planning in these areas. The aim of the present research was to investigate the employed strategies for spatial plannig in brder areas in Five-Year economic, social, and cultural development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran (1st to 5th Plan).
Conclusion: In general, and especially in the 3rd and 4th plans, the economic strategy is more important. Also, spatial differences have not been considered in 5-year development plans; strategies ignored the differences in the various border areas of the country and looked at all areas in the same way. In addition, a special type of strategy is focused in each plan.
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
Based on the morphology and corallites structures, seventeen species of scleractinian corals in seven families were described from the Chabahar Bay, fourteen species of which are being reported for the first time from this bay. The identified species include Acropora valida Dana, 1846, Acropora clathrata Brook, 1891 and Acropora nausta Dana, 1846 belonging to Acroporidae, Favia matthai Vaughan, 1918, Favites complanata Ehrenberg, 1824, Favites flexusa Dana, 1846, Leptastrea purpurea Dana, 1846, Faviafavus Forskal, 1775 and Cyphastrea microphtalma Lamarck, 1816 belonging to Favidae, Acanthastrea hillae Wells, 1955 and Scolymia australis Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849 belonging to Musidae, Pocillopora damicornis Linnaeus, 1758 belonging to Pocilloporidae, Porites solida Forskal, 1775 and Porites compressa Dana, 1846 belonging to Poritidae, Coscinaraea wellis Veron & Pichon, 1980 and Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yab and Sugiyama, 1935 belonging to Siderastreidae and Turbinaria peltata Esper, 1794 belonging to Dendrophylliidae, were identified.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a highly polyphagous leaf miner that causes severe damage to different crops. Sampling on the Alysiinae (Braconidae) parasitoids of C. horticola was performed at various locations of Kermanshah province during 2009–2010. Infested leaves of host plants bearing the larvae and puparia of C. horticola were collected and placed inside the plastic rearing boxes and transferred to laboratory. The samples were preserved for 2–4 weeks, until the emergence of parasitoids. Three species of Alysiinae parasitoids were reared and identified in association with C. horticola in Kermanshah including, Chorebus (Stiphrocera) aphantus (Marshall, 1986), Chorebus (Stiphrocera) uliginosus (Haliday, 1839) and Dacnusa (Aphanta) hospita (Foerster, 1862). All three species have been recorded for the first time as parasitoids of C. horticola. In addition, C. aphantus is newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. An identification key to the parasitoid species is given.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Innovation network is one considerable approach for innovation development in countries. This approach is applicable in high-tech development. Identifying noticeable aspects in innovation development can help planning and policy making for industries. Important factors of innovation network development in information technology sector obtained reviewing the literature. The research goal is to assess current situation of these factors and their indicators and compare them with each other. Therefore, after gaining experts opinion, a survey has been conducted in seven states of Iran about information technology corporations. The dimensions consist of corporation enablers, embeddedness, adjutant environment, self-organization, learning, interaction quality, innovation and network effectiveness. Obtained results of these dimensions have been analyzed. Based on the results, current situation of each dimension has been determined which can be used in poly-making processes. Results highlighted that there is significant differences between the situations of these dimensions.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (fall 2023)
Abstract
Aims: Home businesses have a historical background. With the advent of the virtual space, many people have started to create a business in their home environment for various reasons. This change has had many visible and invisible effects not only in the home and family, but also in the city. The upcoming research is focused on determining the ranking of the components and social dimensions of sustainable development under the influence of home businesses in order to determine their priority.
Methods: Descriptive-analytical research method with quantitative method and qualitative results and the results are based on the opinions of 35 experts based on the results of a specialized questionnaire. In conclusion, the 25 components and 9 indicators of the social subcategory of sustainable urban development based on the 2030 sustainable development document, using a structured questionnaire and its analysis with EXCEL and SPSS software, tries to make changes related to division and prioritization.
findings: The components “Social Empowerment, literacy , Quality Education , Social Responsibilities , Manpower Development, Social Confidence, Amount of Crimes, Neighborhood Development, Social Streaming” and the indicators “Education, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Social Security , Social Capital” are heavily influenced by home businesses .
Conclusion: The main results showed that home businesses, both online and offline, directly and indirectly have a significant impact on the social dimension of sustainable urban social development, And it is suggested to planning for sustainability goals of countries.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2001)
Abstract
Godarz Eftekhar Jahromi
Professor of Law, Shahid beheshti University
Mohammad Issaei Tafreshi
Assistant Professor of Law, Tarbiat Modares University
Morteza Shahbazinia
Ph.D. Student of Private Law, Tarbiat Modares University
This article discusses the developments of legal regime of International Bank Guarantees, according to the Rules published by International Chamber of Commerce. This research shows that the main source of rules, governing this instrument, is usage and practice of international trade and attempts of ICC for applying of traditional legal rules inattention to international practice has been failed. Subsequently the chamber published "Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees" (Publication No.458) in 1992. This new rules are mainly based on commercial usage and practice, and embraced the basic practical characters of bank guarantees as they are used in international trade; characters such as independence of guarntee and the effects of it. Also, the 458 Rules recognized issuance of simple demand guarantees and provide some practical resolves for other legal issues of bank guarantees such as providing of clear methods of ascertaining the applicable law and resolving disputes, limiting of bank duty to a formal compliance and accepting the documentary of bank guarantees.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the PLISSIT model-based counseling on the sexual function of couples during pregnancy.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in Tehran (Najmieh Hospital) on 88 couples who were randomly assigned to the control (44 couples) and intervention (44 couples) groups. The intervention group received sexual counseling based on a PLISSIT model by a trained midwife, and the control group received only routine services in prenatal care. Sexual functions of the couples were assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and International Index Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires before counseling, 4 weeks after counseling, and at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used for comparison of the scores within the groups.
Findings: No significant differences were found in the demographic variables of the subjects. The mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF were not different at baseline in the two groups. Repeated measure analysis showed significant differences between the two groups in the mean total scores of FSFI and IIEF after the intervention. Post intervention, the mean of the total score of sexual function of the couples was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, sex education for prenatal care would be effective, and we can claim that sexual function of couples during pregnancy may be enhanced by using the PLISSIT model.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Autobiographical narrative in which only a first-person audio and written, whow the author explains in his life. Made a contract with the reader, he recounts the facts of his life, or parts of it. But, the famous french writer Georges Perec and Nathalie Sarraute that the two are, in their books are narrated duet. Sarraute, in a book called Childhood, forced to use the first-person narrator's inner dialogue, dark spots and delusions that recounting every memory with its integrated. But Georges Perec, in his autobiography, apparently, from his childhood, the two narrations: first real and second, all of it is fiction. First, we think that in the second story the narrator does not have anything to do with child, But then we see that as an analogy of his life. In addition, both authors refer to the lies that are included in their story. This process is incompatible with the truth implicit contract. This article will provide a comparative analysis of the two works show an autobiography, which should in principle be monophony is why duet, what is the function of sound or narration second as metatext, and what's the role of imagination in the difficult process of recovery.
Volume 5, Issue 9 (Spring & Summer 2018)
Abstract
The theory of "aesthetics of reception" proposed by Wolfgang Eiser is one of the branches of the theory of reception in linguistics and literature. This theory emphasizes the reader's understanding and reception and aims to achieve the goal that the text translator, as one of the readers, ought to fill the gap based on his perception. This research is descriptive-analytic and is based on the theory of Wolfgang Iazer, and has chosen translations of Shojaee, Ellahe Qumshahi and Moaidi from Arafah's prayer, as a literary text. It has done this after examining the various types of gaps in the original text of prayer, and the way they reflect on Persian translation. The results of the research showed that the virtual part of the language (metaphor, quibble, permissive and simile) is the most intrinsic part of the prayer and metaphor has the largest amount of linguistic split. Translators have used two methods to remove and highlight these empty spaces and among translators, Mr. Shojaei, using a free translation of this prayer, has used the method of highlighting to read empty spaces more than others.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (12-2006)
Abstract
Many of the video processing algorithms cannot be implemented in real time on general computers, due to their computational complexity. For an efficient implementation, a custom hardware that can be reconfigured for the algorithm, is used. In this paper a new acceleration hardware based on FPGA elements is proposed. This hardware can be adapted with the processing algorithm through FPGA design reconfiguration. Using a PCI slot, this hardware communicates with a Pc. The FPGAs are programmed through the PCI slot. The video frames are supplied to this hardware for processing. The performance of this hardware is evaluated using warping algorithms. The first and second order warping for a 512*512 frame can be done in 7.9 ms.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (No.4 (Tome 25), (Articles in Persian) 2015)
Abstract
"Syntactic change should not arise, unless it can be shown to be caused"(Longobardi, 2001:278). Historically placed in second position of the clause, Persian Pronominal Clitics behave differently today and appear in three different structural-typological patterns: a) preposition + clitic assigned oblique case; b) nominal + clitic assigned genitive case; and c) immediate adjacency of a transitive verb assigned accusative case. Aiming to discover the causes of Persian's achievement to this trio of patterns, this study was conducted in the framework of Generative Grammar. The diachronic analysis shows that a sequence of some factors has been involved in changing Persian’s historical second position Clitic System: firstly, some morphological changes and the speaker’s attempt to remove the ambiguities have paved the ground for other structural changes to happen. Secondly, after particular morphological feedings, patterns a & b have been established as a result of analogical generalization of pre-existing linguistic structures. Pattern c has gradually come to existence by frequently reanalyzing the position of clitics in the sentence. This pattern can be a part of the grammaticalization process of Persian clitics that has been accelerated by morphological changes and Reanalysis. As a final step, linguistic contact to Arabic was recognized as an accelerating factor in applying this trio of patterns in Persian Standard Language.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
To the Iranians minds the matter of the Russification of the Caucasus, as an Iranian area by its historical, cultural and ethnical roots, always has been a fresh and recursive concern; the process in which the Armenians had a dominant role. Inspired by memories of the Crusader Wars, the Armenians always were engaged with the ideal of presence of a powerful Christian state in their neighborhood.
Since Western Europe powers never were as close to the region as to cause any change on the Caucasus, naturally the attention of the Armenians had been absorbed to another Christian state, the State of Muscovy.
The process which Armenians attempted to involve the ever-expansionist state of Muscovy or later Russian Empire with Caucasus affairs through it, begun by 1660th (1070 H.) and took long up to 1828, year of signing Turkmanchay treaty. This survey tried, by appeal to an explicative approach, to shed light on twists and turns of a 160 years process and the transition of the Armenian loyalty from Iran to the Russia as most as possible.
Findings of this survey show that the church leaders, the Meliks, and the merchants, as the triumvir which shaped the Armenian Aristocracy, respectively had the most effective influence on the Armenians political loyalty; while introduction of the Russia was the initiation of the merchants, then the Meliks intensified the aspiration, and at last it was the church which by choosing its new affiliation put the end on everything.
Volume 7, Issue 5 (No.5 (Tome 34), Fall Special, (Articles in Persian) 2016)
Abstract
Carried out in the framework of Transformational Grammar and Typology, this research aims at determining the generation place of Persian Object Clitics, and examining the effects their synchronic-diachronic analyses may have on typological studies. The underlying order ‘Object Clitic + Verb’ was consequently considered to be at work in correspondence to SOV order; And, it’s the Move-α Transformation that drives the clitic out to surface elsewhere, i.e. mostly in Postverbal Position. Moreover, syntactic, morphological, and prosodic alignments were introduced to be influencing in cliticization in Persian as a trio of criterions which may change by the passage of time; Grammaticality of encliticization to the nominal part of Complex Predications in Classic New Persian and the ungrammaticality of the same process in some CPs of Standard NP was mentioned as an example; Referring to the UG Principle of ‘Minimal Link Condition’, this duality in behavior was argued to be an approval of the interaction between cliticization and incorporation processes. Finally, to explain the possible effects of the above results on the typological analyses, the hypothesis of Persian’s type change from OV to VO suggested by Dabir-Moghaddam (1997) was reformulated by keeping an eye to the diachronic change in the Clitic System; it was put forward that the historically-growing inconsistencies of this language to some of the Dryer’s (1992) criteria and specially to the Greenbergian 25th Universal are mostly applicable to the change stated. It was therefore concluded that the synchronic-diachronic behavior and placement of these elements testifies the aforementioned type-change hypothesis.
Volume 7, Issue 13 (Spring & Summer 2020)
Abstract
The translation of "Ambiguity", especially in the Holy Quran, is one of the most challenging topic in linguistics. A variety of techniques have been proposed to eliminate it, including the Garces technique. This model using Newmark's views, examines "the amount of positive and negative attributes that indicate adequacy and acceptability of the T.T". The study with a counter-analytical approach, examined translations of Mojtabavi and Saffarzadeh from the part 30 of the Qur'an to improve the quality of translated text, especially in the challenges of linguistic ambiguity, based on a scientific theory and model. And based on statistics, the quantities of these techniques have been compared. And the adequacy and acceptability of each translation is outlined in the first six Surah. The result showed that according to Garcés model, Mojtaba's translation with ambiguous and virtual words has a higher adequacy and acceptance than Saffarzadeh. Saffarzadeh, with unambiguous text, has undergone creative and complex additions to transparency; Especially in virtual vocabulary. On the other hand, in cases that need to be "explained", such as Qur'anic allusions, Mojtabavi's translation is less adequacy and acceptable than Saffarzadeh. Generally, Mojtabavi techniques have a higher level of adequacy and acceptability in disambiguation.
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2004)
Abstract
Morteza Shahbazinia
Assistant Professor of Law, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology
The Condition of payment form the heart of the guarantee. They determine the actual benefits for the beneficiary and the risk exposure for the account party/principal debtor. For example, it is the clause that payment will be made on the beneficiary’s first demandwithout any proof of default that renders this particular guarantee totally different from the traditional or accessory guarantee. On the other, aguarantee payable upon submission of an arbitral or court decision is in substance hardly different from the contract of accessory guarantee. While different as regards the degree of default, all conditions of payment share a common characteristic, namely their documentarynature. All of them require the submission of documents and the bank’s duty is confined to examining whether these documents comply with the documents prescribed in the guarantee. It is this documentary nature of the conditions of payment, which enables the bank to perform its function.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2017)
Abstract
Though the sixty-year duration of the domination of the Afsharid and the Zand dynasties is of great importance for the Iranian Armenian politicization it has mainly been ignored. Focusing on daily developments to understanding the switch in political trends of this people from Iran toward Russia which was subjected to enormous ups and downs wouldn’t be helpful so much. Any survey here should obligate itself to take simultaneously into account features of the institution of policy of the society and the characteristics of its concomitant world time. Accordingly, the present study would elucidate impacts of a rising early capitalism and a flourishing system of absolutist states on the transmutation of the Iranian Armenian politicization.
A.a. Ahmadian , S.s. GhAzinoory , F. Saghafi, S.s. GhAzinoori, M. Mohammadi ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Emerging sciences and technologies have huge potential in the field of innovation; therefore, they should be protected against large uncertainties caused by unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate biotechnology forecasting innovation pathways based on its convergence with other technologies.
Information and Methods: In this systematic review, by the future-oriented assessment of biotechnology innovation pathways, future biotechnology strategies were developed at the national level. All potential applications of the future innovation pathways of this technology were identified in the combination and convergence with nanotechnologies, information, and cognitive science and technology. The strength and weakness of the effects and barriers in all areas of biotechnology were considered in terms of the short-, mid-, and long-term; in the same timeframe, the barriers to these technologies were identified in the field of combined dual technologies and ultimately for biotechnology itself, and future strategies for biotechnology were proposed based on 4 strategies, including ignorance, investment, exploitation, and opportunism.
Findings: In the field of biotechnology- information technology- in the mid-term, the greatest impact was on improving the quality of human life, improving social outcomes, and increasing the level of innovation, and in the field of biotechnology- nanotechnology and biotechnology- cognitive science on improving the quality of human life, increasing security and defending power, and improving the positive social consequences.
Conclusion: The highest number of applications is the mid-term. The "exploitation" strategy should be used in biotechnology- cognitive science and biotechnology- nanotechnology, respectively. The "investment" strategy should be the most widely used in the common areas of biology with information technology. In the common areas of biotechnology with nanotechnology and cognitive sciences, the most application is the “opportunism" strategy.
