---

  Background: The over-expression of recombinant proteins in large amount is important for production of therapeutic proteins and structural study. There are several systems for expression of recombinant proteins. One of the most relevant expression systems is Escherichia coli (E. coli). Although this organism has many advantages, most of recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli hosts form inclusion bodies. For gaining biological activities, these structures should be refolded. Many techniques have been developed for in vitro protein refolding.   Methods: In this study, a method was designed for inclusion body solubilization and protein refolding. IBs were solubilized in the solution containing 2M urea. This is a mild solubilization method without creating random coil structures in the protein. Results : Inclusion bodies undergo mild solubilization with maintain native-like secondary structures. Solubilized proteins were refolded on chromatography column by using native buffer conditions. The results showed the recombinant proteins were purified with high efficiency without aggregation. Conclusions : The results suggest that this method is easy, efficient, cheap procedure and usable for obtaining refolded recombinant proteins. In addition, purified protein with the method can be used in diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases.

---

Abstract

Research Subject: Sulfide removal from sour water is essential, before reuse or release of sour water into the environment. Regarding the high costs of traditional methods, biological removal can be used as a reliable alternative.
Research Approach: Biological sulfide removal from sour water was investigated in a batch reactor using Thiobacillus sp. as a dominant species of a mixed culture. A conceptual model was developed to describe the process of H₂S removal from sour water in the batch reactor. The model considers H₂S and O₂ transfer between liquid and gas phases, biological oxidation of H₂S to sulfate and elemental sulfur, and chemical oxidation of H₂S to thiosulfate in the liquid phase. The governing equations were derived using the principles of mass conservation and biochemical reactions. Several batch runs were performed to obtain experimental data on the variation of sulfide, sulfate, thiosulfate, and oxygen concentrations in the system as a function of time, and an algorithm was devised to use the method of Particle Swarm Optimization together with the numerical solution of the model equations to estimate biokinetic parameters. Additional batch runs under different conditions were performed to verify the accuracy of the model. These results indicated reasonable accuracy of the model to predict the performance of a batch reactor for the removal of H₂S from sour water. The novelty of this model is considering different pathways for sulfide oxidation which includes product selectivity.
Main Results: The maxim specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR=OUR/X) is one of the most important parameters in the evaluation of the biological activity of the microorganisms. The calculated value for this parameter was almost constant (16 mg DO g^-1 VSS min^-1) during all sulfide oxidation tests indicating that the maximum specific oxidation capacity of the biomass is independent of substrate and biomass concentration. Results exhibited bacteria prefer to partially oxidized sulfide to elemental sulfur, however this preference is a function of dissolved oxygen and substrate availability.

---

The significant role played by women struggling during the Pahlavi era-in shaping and accelerating the movements let to the 1979 revolution- has given them a special historical status. Awareness of this prominent position has undoubtedly been effective in getting some of them to record their life experiences in the form of autobiographies. By accepting autobiography as a way to represent self-identity and self-narration - which is based on gender – the research seeks to examine-using interpretive hermeneutic approach within the conceptual framework of Paul Ricoeur's narrative identity-on one hand the place of language and time at the level of narrative and, on the other hand, how to reflect feminine identity in narrative formats redefined in the aforesaid theory, relying on the memories of Pahlavi-era women in political arena. By recognizing the instability of identity, the study has assumed it a linguistic and temporal matter constructed by the narrators that has represented in the form of narrative, and we have made use of the most relevant theory to understand how this identity constructs. In other words, based on the conceptual framework of Paul Ricoeur's narrative identity to interpret the text of political women's memoirs, we seek to answer the following questions:
1. What place do language and time occupy at the narrative level?
2. How has feminine identity been redefined in narrative formats?
The presence of 9 women in the Left discourse and 3 women in a subgroup of Islamic ideology and the reflection of gender identity and concerns in the context of organizational identity, appropriately illustrates the dominance of the campaign discourse and organizational ideology over the female gender identity of these autobiographers, that should be considered as the data and obvious hypotheses of the study.
Of course, we are seeing that leftist militants are more explicit to represent their gender identity than Muslim militants. Narrative coherence, nonlinearity of the narrative, and the existence of a "synchronous" and "simultaneous" relationship between the time of life and the time of narration are other research results that should be noted. The continuity of story chains and the detailed description, including details of the characters involved in shaping the narrator's identity, are among other things related to the analysis of the aforementioned works. Also, the language used in the narrative is influenced by the time of the narration of the work, as in the narratives in the context of the event we see the use of slogan, emotional, and idealistic vocabulary, while in the narratives made with a temporal distance from the event, there is no place for these sentiments.
 

---

The activity of Wnt signaling pathway is increased in colorectal cancer. For this reason, finding new positive and negative regulators for this pathway is a treatment and diagnostic strategy of colorectal cancer. Our bioinformatics analysis indicated that hsa-miR-424 (miR-424) could be a possible regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Accordingly, the expression level of miR-424 in colorectal cancer tissues was elevated compared with normal pairs and the results of RT-qPCR showed a significant increase in miR-424 expression (p < 0.01). Then, molecular analyzes using Top/Fop Flash and RT-qPCR techniques indicated that miR-424 overexpression leads to increased Wnt pathway activity in the SW480 cell line. In addition, the small molecules IWP-2 and PNU-74654 were used to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, and the miR-424 overexpression suggested that exert its effect on the level of β-catenin complex degradation. Then, dual-luciferase assay validated the interaction between miR-424 and APC. Overall, our results suggest miR-424 is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and it could be a possible prognosis for colorectal cancer.
 

---

Objectives: CtxB (Cholera toxin B subunit) contributes to a vaccine's efficacy by stimulating production of the anti-CtxB antibody. Various attempts have been made to increase production of this antibody. Chitosan is a mucoadhesive polysaccharide that has tremendous potential for oral vaccine delivery in terms of its exclusive features that include biocompatibility, biodegradability, high charge density and non-toxicity. We investigated the potential for chitosan nano­fibers and nanocapsules as novel carrier systems for the oral delivery of CtxB. Methods: Antigen-containing chitosan nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning a chitosan/AcOH solution. Encapsulation of the antigen inside the chitosan nanofibers was confirmed through infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR). Guinea pigs were immunized with free antigen and CtxB antigen or antigen alone by direct administration of antigen-containing chitosan nanofibers into the buccal cavity. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses were determined Results: The results indicated that antigen in the chitosan nanofibers or nanocapsules elicited very high IgA and IgG responses. No detectable IgA and IgG responses were obtained after oral immuniza­tion with CtxB. The results of the antibody titer were analyzed using the ANOVA and LSD tests. Conclusion: CtxB inside the nanofiber increased antibody production when administered orally. This system might be used for delivery of other antigens.

---

Abstract Thermal radiation plays a key role in the heat transfer between the flame and its surroundings. It is essential to provide a reliable method for measurement of flame radiation in the combustion study. Also, it is challenging to measure the radiation flux from the flame in the chamber due to the effect of the walls. The radiation emitted from the walls and the reflection of the flame radiation from the walls interferes with the measurement of the flame radiation. High temperature or high reflection walls can increase the error in the measurement of flame radiation. In this paper, various parameters affecting the flame radiation have been investigated. These studies are based on the wall incident radiation and the wall radiation heat flux. To calculate the flame radiation, a theoretical method is presented which is compared with the CFD simulation results to confirm its correctness. To simulate the flame SM1 of the University of Sydney, a steady flamelet combustion model has been used with the k-ε modified turbulence model. Due to the low optical thickness of the model, the DO radiation model is used to simulate CFD. The CFD results are in good agreement with theoretical results, and the estimation of flame emission are accurately acceptable. The results show that the flame radiation differs from the wall radiation by more than 25%, when the wall radiation coefficient will be smaller than 0.8 or the wall temperature will be more than 330k.