Showing 4 results for Gharari
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Most of the population in the different areas of world is affected by bacterial infections responsible for dental caries. Due to the importance of traditional medicines derived from herbs used for dental problems, this study investigated in vitro antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia essential oil from Ardabil, Iran, on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus,bacteria that cause tooth decay. Materials and Methods: The volatile oil of Mentha longifolia leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS system.The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion susceptibility in dilutions of 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000μg/μl and broth macrodilution test methods. Results: The oil was particularly rich in Pulegone (31.78%), 1,8-cineole (15.99%), menthoforan (11.25%), cis-isopulegon (10.5%) and paramenth-3-n-8-l (6.85%). The medicinal plant essential oil could prevent the growth of the bacteria, and the rates of MIC and MBC of native pennyroyal essential oil on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus were 110, 165, 80, 120, 450 and 650μg/μl, respectively. The maximum inhibition zone diameter was about 12.2, 27.2 and 4.8 mm, for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces viscosus respectively, at the concentration of 500μgμl-1. Conclusion: In this work, the essential oil of medicinal plant containing effective ingredients could prevent the growth of bacteria and may be used as an affordable and available source for medicinal purposes.
Zahra Gharari, Ramazan Ali Khavarinejad, Reza Shekaste Band, Farzane Najafi, Mohammad Nabiuni,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Many plants of tropical and subtropical areas are severely damaged when exposed to chilling temperatures between 2 and 15°C. Arabidopsis thaliana is chilling tolerant and, therefore provides an alternative model plant system for the identification of chilling tolerance traits. To determine whether the expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase 2 (CSD2) would increase superoxide-scavenging capacity and thereby improve the survival rate of chilling sensitive (chs) mutants of Arabidopsis, four chs mutant (chs1-1, chs1-2, chs2-1 and chs2-2) and wild-type plants were grown under low (chilling at 13 °C and 4 °C) and normal growth (23 °C) temperatures. The expression of CSD2 was not detected during cold stress treatments, while the wild plants showed the expression of CSD2 under cold stress. The increase of antioxidant enzymes activities (POX and SOD) showed the role of these enzymes in the protection of the chs mutants under chilling treatment, also the increase in polyphenol oxidase activity shows the role of that in the emergence of chlorosis phenotype. The lack of expression of CSD2 gene in chs mutants grown at chilling temperature would support the hypothesis that the expression of these genes was affected due to mutation in CHS genes, when they are chilled.
I. Yousefi Javan , F. Gharari ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Osmotic stress such as drought, salinity, and cold is one of the most important stresses. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the genes of AREB and MPK2 in order to study the resistance to drought of tomato plants.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, seeds of two varieties of Tomato (Red Cloud) and (Peto Pride; resistant and susceptible to drought stress, respectively) were grown in drought treatment levels of -2 and -4. This study used 3 replications by a model based on a completely randomized block design. Sampling was done for Thiobarbituric acid reactive material (TBARM) for each treatment in 3 replications. Randomized and repeated sampling were done for molecular studies and the genes expression. AREB1 and MPK2 genes were studied, using bioinformatics resources and with the help of specific primers, making cDNA, PCR, and Electrophoresis. The analysis of variance test and SPSS 15 software were used
Findings: With increasing drought stress, most of morphological traits had a considerable decline, but cellular oxidative index increased with the increase of stress, so that TBARM increased. The expression of AREB1 was higher than that of MPK2 gene expression. The rate of similarity between LeAREB and kinase 2 protein sequences in resistant tomatoes was 31%.
Conclusion: With increasing drought stress, most morphological traits have a significant decline, but TBARM shows a significant increase with increasing stress. The AREB1 resistant drought gene is induced by the effects of drought stresses, while the expression of the MPK2 gene does not show a significant difference.
Volume 20, Issue 6 (11-2018)
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), one of the most expensive spices in the world, is used mainly as food coloring and flavoring in food industry and its effective components are also used in medicine. A collection of twenty-two cultivars of saffron grown in different regions of Iran was screened with 25 SSR and 5 SNP primers in order to determine genetic identities and genetic diversity in these cultivars. On an average, 50 alleles were amplified using SSR primers with scorable fragment sizes ranging from approximately 160 to 400 bp. Among these, 33 alleles were polymorphic thus revealing 72% of polymorphism. The genetic similarity estimated according to SSR data was scaled between 9.5 and 87.8%. In determination of genetic diversity, five polymorphic SNP markers were used. Since SNP markers are mainly bi-allelic, all SNPs showed two alleles only, suggesting the potential of SSR and SNP markers in discriminating among plants of distant genetic backgrounds. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering grouped the cultivars into four groups. In this study, we tried to expand the genetic diversity of C. sativus in Iran despite their asexual reproduction. Due to the similarity of climatic conditions in Iran, a certain genetic variation was observed in saffron plants. For saffron cultivation and production of high quality crop around the world, research on genetic diversity among the large family of C. sativus adds value this product.
