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The purpose of this study is Understanding status and relationship between empowerment and contextual performance with job satisfaction of employees of Islamic Azad University Dezful Branch. Empowerment based on Bowen and Lawler of model (1992), contextual performance based on Van Scotter and Motowidlow of model (1994) and job satisfication based on universal model of single question measured. Proportion with purpose of study, two main hypothesizes and ten secondary hypothesizes codified. Statistical social of this study was 355 personals of this university branch. Tools used in this study to collect data was questionnaire. This questionnaire has three sections that one section is job satisfication based on universal model of single question, second section is empowerment based on Bowen and Lawler of model (1992) in four dimensions which includes information sharing, trust, training and reward and third section is contextual performance based on Van Scotter and Motowidlow of model (1994), which includes two dimensions of facilitation of interpersonal relationships and dedication work. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was approved by them. Meaningful relationship and coefficient correlation between empowerment and performance and each dimensions of their with job satisfication were investigated. Then structural equation model was used to test the theoretical model and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on job satisfaction of employees were found. Results of tests impress that each of components empowerment and contextual performance with job satisfication have meaningful relationship and had seen among of dimensions of their only training with job satisfication has not meaningful relationship.

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Reducing consumption of fossil fuel, is a key effort to promote sustainable development. Transportation sector is one of the most important parts of fuel consumers. Urban form is one of the most important and effective factors in fuel consumption in transportation sector. Urban form includes some criterions such as density, mix land use and internal development of city. In order to reduce fuel consumption in transportation sector, urban form should be changed. This issue is more necessary due to increasing urban population and urban sprawl. Resident’s use of private car increases with distance from city center and lack of proper public transport system. This not only causes increasing of the fuel consumption, but also it increases emission of greenhouse gases, noise pollution and traffic congestion.  The present study has followed explanation of relationship between urban form and energy consumption in transportation sector. For this purpose, the theory of urban form, including compact city, transit-oriented development and Neo-traditional development and studies in other countries are surveyed and analyzed. Research findings indicate that socio-economic characteristics and physical variables and urban form are affected the usage of private car and fuel consumption in transportation sector. This study which is based on the findings of survey and analysis, seeks to develop a general conceptual framework for understanding the effective factors in Households Fuel Consumption in Transportation Sector.

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Abstract:
Research subject: In water injection process, part of the surface active agents that are naturally present in oil can be dissolved in injected water. The presence of these substances affects the surface phenomena of the three phase water-oil-rock system. The effect of these substances on modification of the ionic composition of injected water has been less investigated in previous studies.
Research approach: In this paper, first, the effects of acidic compounds in crude oil and connate water composition on initial wettability of carbonate rock were investigated. Then to investigate the wettability changes of oil-wet calcite rock, single-salt aqueous solutions of MgCl₂, CaCl₂, KCl, and Na₂SO₄ having concentrations of 0.1 to 1 molar were used.
Oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) for distilled water and salt waters in various concentrations were measured and compared. Variations of calcite rock surface properties were investigated by contact angle measurement after aging of thin sections in oil and salt waters.
Main results: Results indicated that by increasing ion concentration and ionic strength of salt waters, IFT decreases due to dissolution of acidic compounds of oil at the interface of oil and water. Moreover, for high content of acidic compounds in the oil, Magnesium ion has the most impact on reducing IFT and altering the rock wettability. So that by increasing the concentration up to 1 molar, IFT and contact angle decrease to 1 mN/m and 42 degrees, respectively.
Contact angle measurements revealed that the composition of connate water is effective in changing the initial wettability of the rock, and formation of ionic-organic layer adjacent to the rock surface is one of the most important factors in wettability alteration. The presence of Magnesium ion in connate water decreases the contact angle to 145 degrees and causes the rock surface to become more water wet.
Also, increasing solubility of oil-soluble acidic compounds in the aqueous phase has a significant effect on the rock wettability. The experimental results showed that the interaction between ions in the aqueous phase, especially the divalent ions, and surface active agents (carboxylic acid) determine the surface behavior of water in contact with oil and rock.
 
Keywords: Wettability, IFT, Acidic oil, Divalent ions, Ionic-organic layer

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By presenting two types of classification of sciences, Ibn Sina has put forward different views on the nature and purpose of sciences. One of these classifications is based on the Aristotelian method and the other is his special classification based on the logic of the Orientalists. In this article, relying on Ibn Sina's works, these two classifications are examined in detail and the position of the legislative profession in practical wisdom is analyzed. Ibn Sina has highlighted the harmony between reason and religion by combining wisdom and law. He introduces law as the main tool for the emergence of tradition to achieve justice and regulate individual (worship) and social (transaction) life. On the one hand, tradition is regulated by the Sunnah (prophetic law) to govern society and the survival of the human race, and on the other hand, it is related to the divine tradition, according to which God's providence is included in the provision of good to the creatures of the world of creation and corruption. His view emphasizes the necessity of the existence of the Sunnah (law) and the Caliph for the survival and stability of tradition. This article analyzes Avicenna's attitude towards the Shariah industries and its relationship with revelation, active reason, tradition, Sharia, and human happiness.
 

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Introduction and Literature Review: Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions to alleviate the effects of global warming have become a worldwide necessity. This matter has significant importance in Iran, because Iran has the seventh ranking position of global greenhouse gas emissions and its rate of growth is above global average. Building construction sector is experiencing a fast-paced growth in developing countries, like Iran, due to growth of economy and rapid urbanization. A large number of buildings are being built for residential, commercial and office purposes every year. Built environments are responsible for about 40 percent of energy consumption in Iran and it is generally approved that the greatest portion of built environment is dedicated to residential use. Energy consumed in producing and processing building materials and in the processes of building a house, is usually calculated using embodied energy concept. Until recently, it was generally accepted that the energy used during the occupation of a building represented a much higher proportion than its embodied energy; thus, great efforts were put into reducing energy use in this phase. New and improved technologies have reduced the operational energy through a variety of solutions, including energy-efficient equipment and appliances, improved insulation levels, low energy lighting, heat recovery systems, the provision of solar hot water systems, photovoltaic panels for generation of electricity, and other renewable technologies. However, these measures often imply an increase in materials use and energy demand for their production, which explains the growing importance of other phases in the total life cycle. According to the global literature, embodied energy of a building accounts for one third to one fifth of the total life cycle energy consumption of a specific building. However as the global trend for the new developments moves toward the zero energy/carbon buildings, the importance of the embodied energy increases. In fact embodied energy is one of the leading parameters in assessing building’s environmental performance, because in building projects, vast amounts of building materials are needed which consume great amounts of embodied energy and thus have negative effect on environment. With this preamble, improving energy efficiency of the existing dwelling stock of urban regions will increasingly be part of achieving sustainable development in future. Although this aspect of achieving sustainable development has been the subject of many global practices in recent years and global literature is almost rich in the calculations and analysis of embodied energy and life cycle energy consumption, this matter has been neglected almost completely in Iran and those few studies conducted focusing on energy in urban planning and designing fields, are mainly concentrating on transportation sector. Thus the main goal of this study is analyzing the sustainability of urban residential sector with focusing on embodied energy consumption. Methodology: In this regard, residential sector in Shiraz Metropolitan has been divided into seven different dwelling types including central-yard houses, attached terrace houses (one story houses, two story and three story houses), apartments (which are buildings of four story and above), villas and declined houses. Gathering raw data in this study was challenging, considering the fact that house building in Iran is far from industrialized and prefabricated building is really limited. Unfortunately there is no data available on the average material consumption of different dwelling types in Iran and the only study similar to this was done focusing on building structures. Using this only available data, we built our data bank in Microsoft Office excel and then focused on computing average embodied energy via multiplying embodied energy of common building materials extracted from a report conducted in the University of Bath titled “Embodied Carbon: The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE)” into average material consumption based on building structures. Another point we had to take into account was the unit of the available data; while embodied energy of materials were presented in gigajoules per square meter, average material consumptions of dwellings were presented in different units from square meters, to cubic meters, kilograms and blocks. So using density of materials we established a second data base with similar units. Normalizing this raw data through dividing average embodied energy of residential dwelling by dwelling area we calculated the capitation of embodied energy for each dwelling. Afterwards we prioritized embodied energyconsumption of dwelling types from lowest embodied energy capitation to the highest as follows: brick and wood structures with about 3 GJ/m^2 embodied energy, clay brick concrete structures, clay brick steel structures, brick concrete structures, brick and iron structures, and at last brick steel structures with about5.35 GJ/m^2 embodied energy Results: To be sure of the validity of these comparisons analysis of variances (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tests (Least significant difference- LSD) have been applied to these data in IBM SPSS statistics 19, and the result has been positive. Then collected data were shifted from structure types to dwelling types and we found out that central-yard houses with 3.6 GJ/m^2 embodied energy per capita are the most energy efficient dwelling types. After this type in sequence lay one-story terrace houses (4.21GJ/m^2 ), apartments (4.26GJ/ m^2 ), two story terrace houses (4.67GJ/m^2 ), declined houses (4.81GJ/m^2 ), villas (4.84GJ/m^2 ), and three story terrace houses (5.21GJ/m^2 ). Discussion and Conclusion: This paper highlights the need to use location-specific data in the development of building assessment schemes and the issues related to the use of embodied energy assessment for the building sector. Absence of localized data base on building material consumption on the basis of dwelling type and lack of data on cradle to grave embodied carbon and energy of common building materials were the most important obstacles in this research. On the basis of international research, paint, bitumen, platevirgin, sheet Galvanized-virgin, steel, ceramics, primary glass, iron bars, lime, cement, and common brick are the most energy intensive materials. So on account of lack of localized data, we used international embodied energy of common building materials (cradle-to-gate) to calculate embodied energy of different dwelling types. Despite of major shortcomings in data base, noteworthy conclusions have been deducted from this work which are summarized as follows: traditional form of housing in Shiraz which is known as central yard houses in this paper with brick and wood structures (in which there is a yard in the center of the block and the residential parts are located at its periphery) are the most sustainable form of housing according to this research criteria and case study. This may owe its accomplishment to the low embodied energy of common materials used in this type of housing which we may call the most environmental friendly form of housing in Shiraz. Furthermore there is a substantial lack of data on embodied energy and carbon of materials in general, and in particular on the embodied energy and carbon of buildings to be able to do an entire evaluation of buildings in their life long period. So to do a complete research in building sector (life cycle assessment), including embodied energy, gray energy, operational energy, induced energy, Demolition/Recycling Energy, and retrofit energy are unavoidable.

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In recent decades, knowledge-based organizations (KBO) have played an important role in growth and economic development, especially in resistance economy by commercializing their scientific and technological achievements. This paper has identified the most important features of successful knowledge-based organizations in Iran. This article is a fundamental research in terms of purpose and utilizes mix method and content analysis based on papers found in the field of Iranian knowledge-based companies. At first features are identified and network analysis is done proportional to it. Then Shannon entropy is used to determine the impact coefficient of these features. The results show that 14 important features of these companies are as follows: qualified human resources, strong management, project and organizational capabilities, good business strategy, optimal management of financial resources, technical and production capabilities, marketing and sales capabilities, good technology strategy, receiving governmental timely incentives, receiving purposive incentives from funding agencies, appropriate networking, proper use of infrastructure, giving enough attention to the organization’s environment and focused activities .

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Aims: Electronic health can lead to health preservation and promotion using information and communication technologies to receive and record accurate data, appropriate storage, and retrieval, as well as the health information management approach. The present systematic review aimed to assess the E-health application during the COVID-19.
Information & Methods: The present systematic review was done based on PRISMA protocols. The study data were retrieved using the E-health and COVID-19 keywords in the related studies from August 4, 2021, in PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, and Sid databases. Moreover, the inclusion criteria were original research studies that used E-health to manage patients with COVID-19.
Findings: A total of 10 articles were included in the study, 40% of which focused on the impact of E-health on reducing fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19, 30% on the E-health in early diagnosis and progression of the disease, 10% on the E-health application in the field of prevention, 10% on E-health in the field of disease control, and 10% on E-health for quick investigations of the disease process and access new medical information. The used technologies included virtual training through WhatsApp video calling, Instagram, iGap and Telegram voice and text messaging, artificial intelligence, and data mining techniques.
Conclusion: E-health tools played a prominent role during the COVID-19 in the prevention, diagnosis, control, and fear reduction of coronavirus disease. Various practical strategies such as financing, implementation and legal requirements can be considered to effectively use the capabilities of eHealth tools in disease management.
 

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Firms in many industries rely on knowledge generated outside of the firm as an input to their own research and development. The ability to exploit knowledge that exists outside the boundary of the firm is calld Absorptive Capacity. Cohen and Levinthal defined AC as ‘‘the ability of a firm to recognize the value of new and external knowledge, assimilate it, and apply it to commercial ends’’. They argued that AC is an organizational learning concept and the cumulative effect of continuous learning. However, this definition deals primarily with external knowledge. Implicit in the definition is the notion that firms are aware of internal information and have access to it. In some cases, organizations may not be aware or have access to their existing knowledge, especially tacit knowledge that can only be communicated by direct social interaction.Thus, a network of formal and informal communication linkages are necessary for the internal diffusion of new knowledge and technology. We employed a social theory of absorptive capacity and investigated its affect on innovaton and fliexibility in firm. On the other hand, we investigated the effect of intersubjectivity on absorptive capacity . To illustrate the links, the present study tested the hypothesis by structural equation, applied to a large sample (n=619). The results indicated a strong, positive and direct relation among intersubjectivity, absorptive capacity innovation and flexibility.

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In this paper, an interference management for multi-beam satellite network to enhance spectral efficiency is studied. First, a two-satellite for future generation satellite network using cognitive radio technology is provided.
This network is composed of a secondary satellite and aprimary satellite where the primary satellite system does not suffer from severe destructive interferences coming from the secondary satellite system. Upward/downward link power is assumed to be fixed and no power control is used. Therefore, the received data from each beam has a
specific level. Also, a novel bandwidth sharing algorithm is provided for the first time. Next, total rate for both
primary and secondary satellite systems are computed.Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)
curve and numerical results based on the number of antennas and threshold levels are given.

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As one of the most important products of Iran, pistachio has a significant share in non-oil revenues. Its annual foreign exchange earnings are over 800 million dollars. However, production of this nut in the country’s major production centers is faced with many problems regarding the efficiency and productivity of the inputs. This study was performed by using two-stage cluster sampling method. The results showed that with the increase in energy carriers’ prices, the farmers of the region would tend to use the optimal amounts of inputs in the long term, thus, reducing energy consumption from 46,016.72 to 31,092 MJ ha^-1. Also, the present values of energy productivity, its efficiency, and specific energy of, respectively, 0.03, 0.42, and 35.05 MJ kg^-1 would be optimized to 0.07, 1.10 and 13.47 MJ kg^-1. Besides, it was revealed that the net energy, which was negative under the existing condition (-26,532 MJ), would increase to 3,160 MJ following the increase in the price of energy carriers. Above all, the non-renewable energy consumption would be reduced from 39,743 to 26,457 MJ. Of course, to achieve the mentioned results, government support of farmers in the short term is necessary in order to facilitate and expedite the change in technology.

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Centrifugal pumps as a heart of the system which are used to move fluids are used widely in most of the industries and have considerable contribution in the amount of energy consumption, so improving of their performance has been attended for researchers .In this paper the aim of studying is the effect of double splitter blades on pump’s performance numerically and experimentally. Three type impellers have been made as experimental investigation. Pump with this impellers is tested and extracted the performance curve. Also, for investigation of the flow pump has been simulated numerically by ANSYS-CFX commercial code. Numerical method of finite volume with k-ω SST turbulence model for numerical analysis. Numerical and experimental results show reasonable agreement that increasing of head and variation of NPSHR due to adding of double splitter blades. The maximum head increased was obtained related to third type of Impeller about 6.33 percent. Furthermore, third type is selected as best impeller. Also, it is observed that around point of designing of pump the effect of double splitter blades on pump’s performance is more significant and deviation from this point will decrease the effect of it.

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The main purpose of this study was to assessment of the role and function of training programs to accelerate of the process to achieve agricultural sustainable development in Rural Areas of Oramanat. The population of this study equal to 130 persons from rural area of Oramanat (Javanrood, Ravansar, Pave, Salas and Babajani) in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted in the framework of the applied approach with the methodology of a descriptive-analyzed research method. Based on Morgan table, 100 persons were chosen as the sample size and random sampling method were applied. Research tools include questionnaire and its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the professor's universities and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cranach’s alpha test t, α was 0.98 respectively. The research findings showed that there was significant relationship between male and female, level of education, ones that watched television training programs and those who did not watched, and also, between farmers of different cities of Oramanat to variable the effectiveness of training programs. Also, according to Kirkpatrick model from the perspective of villagers, items affecting on training programs and used of new methods of agriculture, interviews with sample farmers, confide to recommendations of experts of training program, degree of acceptance and applied to this recommendations and Transmitting educational messages to the simplest form of to farmers, were assessed at medium to high.

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Nowadays with development of urbanity, request for dwelling has increased extremely. In all the cases the steel structures as for the high speed of construction have a special status. Among the defect of steel buildings than concrete type is higher cost of construction. Hence, occasionally the fabricators with a view to imparting of advantage of both the construction speed and some deal decreasing providing cost of steel lateral bracing, use the steel buildings with reinforced concrete shear wall as lateral bearing system. Hence, study in the field of analysis and design of this structure system seems necessary. At present, one of the most important goals of earthquake engineers is predicting of the structures behavior versus future earthquakes. Today, it has become evident that structures designed on the basis of the existing regulations sustain extensive damages in under intense earthquakes. Thus, performance-oriented design as a method based on acceptance of expected displacement and ductility has been considered. In earthquake engineering, it is imperative to determine the capacity and the seismic demand of the structure in terms of performance. The performance assessment of nonlinear systems is a complex task requiring appropriate analytical methods suitable for modeling the behavior of the structure against the earthquake. The incremental dynamic analysis is an analytical tool which can be used to assess performance in earthquake engineering. This method is able to estimate the seismic demand and limit states of the capacity of a structure under seismic loading using suitable records scales to several levels. Utilizing this method, one can attain better understanding of the behavior of a structure from elastic to destruction conditions. In the present research, dynamic analysis of the time history and the robust software OpenSees have been employed considering the geometric nonlinear effects of materials for seven buildings having 3, 6, 9, and 12 stories and two plans. The structures under consideration are analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis and the robust Opensees software subsequent to the design phase and considering the designed sections, gravity loading characteristics and specifications and seismic parameters. Then, graphing the cluster curves and IDA quantiles the buildings under consideration are assessed. Although the results of this study indicate better performance of the moderate structures in comparison to the short and rise structures, it seems that the proper height of a structure with respect to the characteristics of the soil of its construction site and the parameters of the resonance and damping between the structure and the soil (the effect of soil and structure interaction) and the frequency content of the acceleration records of the first mode in the region. The seismic intensity estimation parameter (which is considered in this study, the first-mode spectral acceleration) is a determinant factor in reflecting the behavior of the earthquake acceleration record applied to the structure. In order to conduct a detailed study with the IDA analysis, it is necessary to select the severity criterion in a way that best describes the content of the selected accelerogram.

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In this research, marketing research in Iran has been examined from a methodological point of view, and it seeks to answer the question of whether marketing research is suffering from the myopia in the methods? For this purpose, 1021 articles from 7 major and specialized journals in the field of commerce and marketing have been selected and their articles have been examined in terms of methodology and meta-method in a 10-year period (1387-1396). The results of this study showed that the researches carried out in Iran in the field of marketing have a very small variety of methodology, so that most of the articles were done using structural equation modeling method, with a quantitative tool and questionnaire.