Volume 7, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Since any organization can’t do all the right things in the way of development and maturity in a short time, the models for evaluating the maturity of e-HRM provide the indicators for assessing e-HRM, by these indices, current maturity of the organization is assessed and is planned to achieve the desired level of maturity.
The aim of this study is to identify and rank the indicators and criteria to assess the maturity of E-HRM. This research is applied and descriptive-survey. Fuzzy delphi method was used to identify indicators and criteria and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP fuzzy) was used for prioritize and determine the importance of indices.
The end result of this research is e-HRM maturity assessment indices in three phases and seven components, so the first phase of transactional and replication include communication, automation, and application, second phase, enhanced include Software Analysis and Coordination software and third phase, transformational include creation and alignment, in continue the relevant indicators and their importance was presented
M. Sharifi Alishah, R. Darvishzadeh, M. Ahmadabadi, Y. Piri Kashtiban, K. Hasanpur,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Revealing DNA sequences is vital for all branches of biological sciences. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a different approach in this area so that it has created a great evolution in biology science and covers various aspects of genome, transcriptome, epigenome and metagenome-level studies. NGS is considered as a high-performance method for genomic and transcriptomic information analysis in comparison with traditional methods due to providing good genomic coverage, determining each single pairs of bases and eliminating the first generation sequencing disadvantages (Sanger sequencing). Use of NGS has begun since 2005 and 2006, after the commercialization of various apparatus companies such as ABI/SOLiD Illumina, Science Roch/454Life, and Solexa to study the transcriptome of the model and non-model organisms. Recently, RNA sequencing is used widely to identify genes associated with growth and development processes and their expression patterns in response to a variety of biological and non-biological stresses, in various organs and growth stages in different organisms. It helps scientists to determine the amounts of gene expression, differentiation of different isoforms of genes, detection of gene fusions and characterization of small RNA as well as alternative splicing events, duplicate elements, exon of genes, new transcripts, UTRs, SNPs, and somatic mutations. The RNA-seq method typically consists of providing suitable biological samples, isolation of total RNA, enrichment of non-ribosomal RNAs, conversion of RNA to cDNA, construction of a fragment library, selecting size and adding linkers and sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platform, alignment, and assembly of the reads and downstream analysis.
Volume 16, Issue 2 (May & June 2025)
Abstract
Prepositions, as a group of frequent and important grammatical words, play an important role in many languages, including Persian. The aim of the present study is to examine the polysemy of the preposition “bellow” within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics approach and based on two theories of Principled Polysemy (Tyler and Evans, 2001, 2003) and Image Schemas (Johnson, 1987). The research data includes a set of Persian sentences and phrases containing the preposition “bellow” that were extracted from the Hamshahri corpus (second edition). In addition to this corpus, two dictionaries, Dehkhoda and Moein, were also used. The results of the research show that the preposition "bellow" in its primary and prototype meaning expresses a situation in which an object (trajector) is located in a lower position than another object (landmark) in terms of spatial position in the vertical direction, between which there may or may not be a distance and one may or may not cover the other. In addition, "bellow" also has three meanings: "less", "dominance and control", and "influenceability", which are the result of a metaphorical expansion of the prototype meaning.
1. Introduction
The number of prepositions is usually very small in different languages of the world, but they play a very important role in the language, because they are both high in frequency and play a key role in the formation of many linguistic phrases and sentences. Cognitive study of prepositions of place domain, which is one of the most important and primary cognitive areas, can be an important approach in understanding cognitive meanings and metaphors derived from it.
The aim of the present study is to examine the polysemy of the preposition “bellow” in Persian within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics and based on the theory of Image Schemas and Principled Polysemy. The research data, which include various uses of this preposition in real texts, were extracted from two dictionaries Dehkhoda and Moein, as well as from the Hamshahri corpus.
In this study, the main question is: What is the semantic network of the preposition "bellow" in Persian?
2. Literature Review
Most research on prepositional ambiguity from a cognitive linguistics perspective has been influenced by Tyler and Evans' (2003) research in this field. For example, Tyler et al. (2011) conducted an experimental study to investigate the effect of the Cognitive Semantic approach in teaching the three prepositions to, for, and at. After comparing the results of the pre-test and post-test, they found that the scores of advanced English learners increased significantly as a result of teaching the aforementioned prepositions based on the polysemy network and cognitive linguistics findings.
Brenda (2014) analyzed the polysemy of prepositions by analyzing 417 sentences from spoken and written English, 162 of which contained the preposition over. After analyzing the syntactic and semantic aspects of over, she concluded that, contrary to the opinion of some researchers, the preposition cannot be considered an empty word without meaning, but rather it should be considered a morphological-lexical unit. By examining the polysemy of over based on the model proposed by Tyler and Evans (2003), Brenda showed that most of the meanings of this preposition are the result of the expansion of its initial and prototypical meanings, which are often spatial and geometric.
3. Methodology
This research is considered a corpus study in terms of data collection method and its data were collected from the Hamshahri corpus (second edition) as well as the Dehkhoda, Moein and Sokhan dictionaries. In terms of analysis method, it is a descriptive-analytical type that is carried out within the framework of Cognitive Semantics and based on the theories of Principled Polysemy (Taylor and Evans, 2001, 2003) and Image Schemas (Johnson, 1987). In order to collect data, the word “bellow” was searched in the Hamshahri corpus and among the cases found, those that were used as prepositions were selected as research data. Then, based on the mentioned theories, different meanings of this preposition, including the central meaning (or prototype) and marginal meanings, were discovered.
4. Results
The results of the study indicate that the preposition “bellow” in its primary and prototype meaning expresses a situation in which an object (trajector) is located in a lower position than another object (landmark) in terms of spatial position in the vertical direction, between which there may or may not be a distance and one may or may not cover the other. In addition to this prototype meaning, the preposition “bellow” also has three meanings “lesser”, “dominance and control”, and “influenceability”, which are considered metaphorical extensions of the prototype meaning. As Bratož (2014) points out, the abstract meanings of prepositions are often extensions of their spatial meanings and, as a result, are unpredictable and arbitrary, but are systematically related to each other.
The concept of “lesser” is related to the metaphor “lesser is lower”, and thus the spatial preposition bellow refers to the concept of being less. The meaning of "dominance and control" is also the result of a metaphorical expansion of the prototype meaning and refers to domination and control over something that is under something else. The meaning of "influence" is also the result of a metaphorical expansion of the prortotype meaning and conveys being under the influence and being influenced by something upstream. In this way, the systematic relationship of these marginal meanings with the meaning of the prototype becomes clear.
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Scheduling plays an important role in the development and success of the project; this has always been one of the main issues considered in operations and management science researches. Another reason for the focus of much research into it is the difficult nature of this problem. Therefore, special techniques and methods have been proposed to solve this problem. On the other hand, in order to intensify sanctions on foreign delaying projects, timely completion of projects has been accelerated. Therefore, attention to project robustness subject to project managements. In this article, a real issue is scheduled for a robust scheduling model of a refinery project. Since project scheduling has resource constraints such NP-Hard problems, simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve this problem. In order to validate the model, 4 problems with small size were chosen and the solutions obtained by the proposed algorithms were compared with the exact solution obtained by Lingo8 software. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient and convergent to the optimal solution.
