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- In this paper an analytical model for prediction of angular deformation is presented. In this model convective heat losses and a multipoint distributed heat source is used for determination of the inherent strain zone which causes the bending angle. The effects of laser bending process parameters including laser power, beam diameter, scan velocity and pulse duration on the bending angle were investigated experimentally. Main effects of factors were considered and the regression line was derived. An L9 Taguchi’s standard orthogonal array was employed as experimental design and the level of importance of the laser bending process parameters on the bending angle was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Comparison of the analytical model and experimental results has shown a reasonable agreement.

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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women comprising 24.4% of all malignancies. Currently, the large number of etiological factors and the complexity of breast cancer present challenge for prevention and treatment. Breast cancer tumorigenesis can be described as a multi-step process in which a normal cell undergoes malignant transformation to a fully developed tumor through accumulations of genetic and epigenetic changes, on the other hand, Several studies indicated the signaling pathways role in Breast cancer. EGFR gene has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer .Dimerization of EGFR/HER2 induces breast cancer progression via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling cascade
MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. MicroRNAs pair with partially complementary sites in the 3′untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. They play important roles in several cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and development, by simultaneously controlling the expression level of hundreds of genes. Here we demonstrated the tumor suppression effect of miR-1226-3p in Breast cancer by targeting EGFR oncogene.
 

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Structural changes in the government usually occur in different governments in a piecemeal manner, with a partial approach and without a macro view. The structural reforms of the government require understanding the general process of these changes from a macro perspective and in a long-term period.The purpose of this research is to examine the structural changes of the Ministry of Education since the Islamic Revolution and the historical institutional analysis of these changes.
The necessity of the desired structural reforms in the government is to know the historical-institutional context of the formation and change of structures. The strategy of this research is interpretive; Therefore, in order to deeply understand or know an organization, it is necessary to know and understand its roots and historical contexts.
we found that the multiplicity of decision-making authorities regarding the structure of the Ministry of Education causes disorganization and incoherence in the policy. This ministry's policies have become so that they often conflict with each other and neutralize each other's previous decisions. Even though the legal competence of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution is ambiguous in terms of its legal position to change the structure of the government, but still this authority is relatively safe and uncriticized in the margin of indiscriminate expansion and sometimes parallelism in the structure of the Ministry of Education and Education continues and it is necessary to carry out institutional reforms in the Ministry of Education regarding the recognition of a single and legal path to create structural changes.

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Metal foams are a new class of materials which are used excessively in recent decade for their good physical and mechanical properties such as low density yet high strength, as well as their good thermal properties which turned them to a good thermal insulator. The main characteristic of the foams is the existence of pores in them which are distributed randomly. Because of the importance of these materials in engineering and other applications, there has been given importance to modeling of them. In this article, a new method has presented for modeling of closed-cell foams and a program has written in macro environment of CATIA software in Visual Basic language which made the modeling of metallic foams with controllable pore size and density possible. In continue, the effect of the pore size and the number of the holes on the relative density of the foams has studied. Comparing the properties of the modeled foams using the presented algorithm and real foams has shown a good agreement. The modeled foams have the ability to get into the finite-element software.

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One of the most important parameters in prediction of sheet metal forming process is the influence of yield criteria on prediction of forming limit strains. In this paper, the effects of normal anisotropy coefficient on the Hill’s (1948) quadratic, Hosford’s (1979) higher-order, Hill’s (1979) non-quadratic anisotropic yield criteria, with attention to plane strain location is studied. Also the effects of these yield criteria and normal anisotropy coefficient, strain rate sensitivity factor, strain hardening exponent and yield criterion exponent on the forming limit diagram based on the M-K model have been discussed. The different effects of normal anisotropy coefficient on the limit strains of three above criteria have a good agreement with the effect of normal anisotropy coefficient on the yield different surfaces. The comparison has been made between yield criterion exponent and normal anisotropy coefficient effect on the Hill’s non-quadratic yield criterion. The results show that the proper selection of yield criterion have a significant influence on the forming limit diagram.

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Laser Forming (LF) process is one of the thermal forming processes; which uses laser beam irradiation as a forming factor. In this process, temperature gradient along the sheet thickness produces the final bending angle. So far, various investigations are carried out on laser forming of low carbon steel sheets. However, LF process can be utilised in other metallic and non-metallic sheets. High surface reflectivity and thermal conductivity of aluminium sheets, compared to steel sheets, make them more difficult and more complicated to be laser formed than that of steel sheets. In this Article, using LF process simulation with the finite element software, effects of several process parameters such as laser power, scan speed, laser beam diameter and sheet thickness on final bending angle are investigated. Numerical results are validated with the same parameter assigned experimental results. This comparison shows a very good accordance between simulation and experimental results. Also, an equation is derived to predict the final bending angle correspond to the variations of mentioned parameters. This is derived by the use of Design of Experiment (DOE) and full factorial approach.

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In this article, an experimental and theoretical study on the prediction of forming limit diagram (FLD) for aluminum alloy (2024) is developed. To identify and calibrate coefficients of YLD2004-18P, YLD2011-18P, YLD2011-27P and BBC2008-16P advanced yield criteria, tensile tests were performed in seven directions with respect to the rolling direction. Directional yield stresses and anisotropy coefficients were determined. Then, an appropriate error-function was defined and optimized by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. By considering 14, 12, 10 and 8 anisotropy parameters, the effect of number of parameters on the accuracy of yield functions were investigated. The best condition with minimum error can be achieved, when 14 anisotropy parameters are used. To compare the calculated yield stresses and r-values with experimental data, a method presented by Leacock was used. The results have shown that all four criteria give predictions of yield stresses which are nearly close to experimental values. The prediction of yield stresses and anisotropy coefficients by means of YLD2011-27P and YLD2004-18P criteria have more correlation and good agreement with the experimental data, respectively. For obtaining experimental FLD Nakazima test was performed. In order to simulate the necking phenomenon and calculate the limit strains, the modified Marciniak-Kuczynski (MK) model, Swift hardening law and some new yield criteria including YLD2004-18P, YLD2011-18P, YLD2011-27P and BBC2008-16P were utilized. At the right hand side of FLD, YLD2004-18P and YLD2011-27P criteria and also at the left hand side YLD2011-27P criterion have shown better conformity with experimental results.

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In hydromechanical deep drawing process, the traditional matrix is replaced by pressurized fluid, and the final shape is determined based on the shape of a rigid punch. It is required to change the fluid pressure within the allowed working zone during the process to prevent the workpiece from rupturing and wrinkling,. Working zone curve represents the range of maximum available drawing ratios without rupture under the highest chamber pressure. In this paper, hydromechanical deep drawing of square cups made of aluminum-steel double layer sheets are studied by experiments and finite element simulations. In order to detect the rupture onset in simulations, experimental forming limit diagrams were obtained using for aluminum/steel double layer sheet. Experimental data were used to validate the finite element model. The effects of process parameters such as thickness of the various layers, prebulge pressure, chamber pressure and the friction coefficient were investigated on the working zone and the process window. The numerical results show that an optimum amount for the drawing ratio exists for each prebulge pressure. Also, with increasing the chamber pressure, shrinkage is reduced on the flange area. With increasing the friction between the sheet and matrix or the sheet and blank-holder, working zone becomes smaller; while with increasing the friction between the sheet and the punch it becomes larger. Experiments were performed for different drawing ratios to evaluate the numerical results, in which a good agreement was observed.

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Nowadays, multilayered sheet metals are used in order to achieve a wide range of favorite mechanical, physical, thermal and electrical properties. The laser beam passage over the sheet creates extreme temperature changes which can lead to a change in chemical properties and microstructures. Due to the wide application of these materials in chemical and corrosive environments, corrosion tests were carried out on two-layered SUS304L/copper C11000 and three-layered SUS430/copper C11000/steel SUS430 sheets subjected to various laser passes. Ytterbium fiber laser is used and the governor mechanism during the process is TGM. The changes of microstructures were revealed by metallography. Corrosion resistance of steel layer in three-layered sheet subjected to laser was dropped due to the martensite and oriented ferrite grain size reduction in HAZ. There is no change in microstructure and corrosion behavior of copper layer and the second steel layer due to the HAZ low penetration depth. There is no change in microstructure and corrosion behavior of steel layer in two layered sheet due to the austenitic microstructure. Penetration depth of HAZ in two-layered sheet is limited to a small part of its steel cross section. So, there is no change in microstructure and corrosion behavior of copper, and corrosion is the same all over the copper layer in all specimens.

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There is a twofold relationship between the literature and language learning. On one hand, one of the ultimate goals of language teaching is enabling learners to comprehend a literary text independently. On the other hand, literature is a means of teaching languages and improving linguistic skills.  This aspect of language teaching has attracted a scant attention in Iran, which motivated the current study to address this issue. In this regard, 13 literary approaches to language teaching were collected from reliable sources and then theoretical aspect of each approach was elaborated and analyzed using relevant examples from Novin Persian Teaching book series (one of the main sources of teaching Persian language to non-Persian speakers in reliable language centers). The obtained results of the current study were indicative of the influential role of literature in teaching Persian language, which can open new horizon in this regard.

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Objective: The use of stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with genes and various growth factors as treatments for myocardial infarction and various other diseases is highly regarded. However these cells meet with inflammation and a hypoxic environment in the target tissue. Hence, treatment with factors that increase the resistance of these stem cells is of importance. Stem cells also can be used as carriers for gene therapy. The aim of the present research is to produce VEGF expressing MSCs. We investigate the effect of stromal derived factor 1 on MSC survival in order to use these cells in a future rat myocardial infarction model.  Methods: MSCs were purified from young male rats by aspirating the cavity of femurs and tibias. After characterization, MSCs were transduced with VEGF using lipofectamine. Expression and function of VEGF was confirmed. Next, we treated MSCs with SDF1α at various time points. The effect of this chemokine was investigated using the LDH assay and by viable cell counts. Results: The experiments confirmed the production and function of VEGF by MSCs. The LDH levels decreased significantly in SDF1α treated MSCs. Cell viability increased significantly in the presence of this chemokine. Conclusion: Treatment of MSCs with the SDF1α chemokine has increased the survival of these cells. These MSCs are proper candidates for increasing angiogenesis and for further analysis in a rat model of myocardial infarction.  

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Cold work hardening and nonlinear strain path, cause the failure strain change. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the created cold-work hardening and its distribution for predicting and simulating the behavior of products. The composite rupture disc cold-work hardened during manufacturing and burst and release pressure in a pressure commensurate with this hardening. In this case, the sheet metal undergoes a nonlinear strain path during forming and after slotting during the burst test. In this paper, the burst pressure of a composite Rupture disc estimated by using finite element simulation in Abaqus-implicit and explicit and by considering the strain hardening during bulge forming before the slotting process. The burst pressure is estimated according to the maximum plastic failure strain that changed due to nonlinear strain path and work hardening. The burst pressure predictions were compared and validated by experimental tests. In this paper, the effect slotting pattern, investigated by using FEM simulations and experiments. In the prepared samples for this paper, by slotting after bulge forming, the burst pressure reduces more than 80%. The simulation with this method predicts this pressure reduction with an error of about 3%.

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Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) are very important in predicting the behavior of the sheet. Therefore, predicting and drawing these diagrams by theoretical and experimental methods has been one of the main objectives of this paper. In this paper, the formability behavior of 5083 aluminum sheet was investigated by considering the strain hardening behavior. Tensile tests has performed in seven directions 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° from the rolling direction due to identify and calibrate coefficients of BBC2008 advanced yield criteria. The yield stresses was defined in the plane strain mode, also the anisotropy coefficients and the appropriate error function were extracted; Then the relationships of the plane strain yield stress were added to the error function. The error function was optimized using Genetic Algorithm and limit strains were calculated using yield coefficients. The results showed that if the strain hardening exponent increases by 0.1, the limit strains increase by 30 to 40%. Also the results showed that the initial imperfection factor ( ) has a great effect on determining the FLD and with a very small change, it has a great effect on the FLD; So that by increasing this factor to about 0.016, the values of the limit strains are almost doubled. Using the results of this paper and having sheet properties such as yield strengths and anisotropy coefficients and proper selection of yield criteria, the FLD of different sheets to be theoretically determined with acceptable accuracy.

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The purpose of this article is to determine and rank the dimensions and indicators affecting the strategic human resources development and provide a model for the effective implementation of the strategic development of human resources in the government research organizations. In terms of purpose and method, this study is developmental and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, respectively. We first collected information from the electronic resources of strategic human resource development by a content analysis method and then, using Delphi technique and the opinion of elites, calculated the dimensions and indicators of strategic human. In the next step, the dimensions and indicators obtained in the form of a model were analyzed using a second-order confirmatory factor analysis in the Lisrel software and the structure of the model was confirmed according to the analyzes. The results also show that the factors affecting the strategic development of human resources are divided into four general categories: structural, policy-making, cultural, and environmental factors, among which the policy-making one has the greatest impact on the strategic development of human resources.

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Paragraf 1 of Article 8 of the UNCITRAL Model Law and Paragraf 3 of Article 2 of the New York Convention express the duty of the court in referring the matter to arbitration. The mentioned articles oblige the court to refer the matter to arbitration if requested by one of the litigants, unless it finds that the arbitration agreement is not valid. Researches show that the consideration of judges in this assumption can be done in two ways: A) Breif Review, B) Substantive Review. The important difference between these two methods is that the announcement of the court's result in the brief review is not considered a verdict according to most legal systems; But when the court conducts a substantive review in relation to the arbitration agreement, it will lead to the issuance of a decision. Proponents of the brief review theory believe that respecting the principle of jurisdiction over jurisdiction requires that judges be the first judges of their jurisdiction, but the authors in this research have argued that in the draft paragraph 1 of Article 8 of the UNCITRAL Model Law, it is proposed to insert a phrase that defines the concept of brief review It evokes that it was given, but it was not accepted by the members of the UNCITRAL working group, as well as the absolute acceptance of the negative effect of the principle of jurisdiction over jurisdiction, contrary to the decreasing trend of courts' involvement in arbitration and the establishment and development of the arbitration institution as an independent authority will lead to theoretical conflicts and have the opposite result. The judicial opinions in this field are completely mixed, but it seems that the approach of the opinions that accepted the middle opinion by accepting the elements of both theories is more correct.