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In the number of verses, the words "Kharasa" and "Zanna" are companion and are known as synonymous. The present study aims to explain exact meaning and distinction between the two words by semantically analyzing them and analyzing the context in that Quranic verses. The findings of the study indicate that the meaning of the word "Kharasa" is estimation and conjecture and is used in the Arabic language to estimate the number of palm dates. In the intensification form, "Kharrās" means someone who has different beliefs in his estimation that have no basis. In the meantime, Persian translators have used it to mean lying, speculating, thinking, estimating, speak in vain, dumb, incorrect explanation, forgetting divine utterances and ebey the soul imperative, exaggerated, defamatory, conjecture and irrelevant that all of them (except estimating and conjecture) have problems and this article has addressed them. Also the correct meaning of "Zanna" is "suspected", and the verses where two words come together, first speak about the "opinion" and then about the "expression of that opinion".

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 In order to evaluate salt (NaCl) tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) half-sib families, a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design, with 20-25 individuals in pot (replicates) was carried out under field conditions at the Research Station of University of Tabriz. Electrophoretic analyses were performed by using 7.5% slab polyacrylamide gels. Two antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) and one common isozymic system namely esterase (EST) were stained and for each isozymic band the “density × area” scores onto gels were evaluated by MCID software as enzymatic activity. Plant materials consisted of 12 half-sib families that were obtained from a “polycross nursery progeny test” in the same station, a few years ago. The applied salt stress (9±0.2 ds m^-1) reduced plant height, dry weight, leaf weight and stem weight about 31.7, 37.5, 33.7 and 34.7 percent, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between plant height and some antioxidant isozyme activities. Salt stress increased activities of some SOD and POX isozymes but it was ineffective on the activity of EST. Among the families, Ranger cultivar and Zaghl-aghaj and Taze-kand landraces which displayed maximum height and other characteristics exhibited the highest increments in respect of isozyme activities, indicating that antioxidant analysis by gel electrophoresis could be a useful tool for salt stress tolerance studies.

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It is inevitable to replace the tissues and organs that were disrupted due to trauma or various diseases. One of the methods that can help to speed up the regeneration of wounds is to improve the technology of wound dressings. In the current research, by using the properties of polyurethane nanofibers and improving their properties with additives including graphene oxide, selenium nanoparticles, and henna plant extract, it was aimed to improve the performance of wound dressings. After finding the optimal concentration for the electrospinning machine, DMSO solution containing 12 wt.% polyurethane was used to produce wound dressing nanofibers. The images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the production of uniform scaffolds composed of polyurethane nanofibers. Antibacterial properties and mechanical properties of the fabric were studied to check the performance of the manufactured fabric as a wound dressing. For the PU-GO-Se-Henna composite sample, the antibacterial activity against two bacteria, S.aureus and E.coli, was 3.26 and 2.85, respectively, which indicates the very attractive antibacterial properties. This sample reached a tensile strength of 92 MPa in the tensile test, which showed a 104% increase in strength compared to the pure polyurethane sample.
 

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Portland cement is a crucial mineral chemical that is globally produced in large quantities. It has been reported that in 2011, approximately 3.6 billion tons of Portland cement were produced, and its demand continues to grow. However, this industry's expansion has resulted in increased environmental risks. Therefore, it is important to conduct research to enhance the sustainability of this product. The utilization of nanomaterials in cement and concrete materials has received significant attention in recent years. Employing nanotechnology to modify cement-based materials can significantly enhance the efficacy of this inorganic binder. Primarily, nanoparticles possess the capability to fill the porosity within the cement structure and exhibit pozzolanic properties that reinforce concrete. Additionally, the high specific surface area of nanomaterials facilitates increased reactivity at the nanoscale, thereby enhancing cement hydration and subsequently improving its mechanical properties.

Despite cement and concrete being known for their strength, they are also inherently brittle, which hinders their mechanical performance. In recent years, various nanomaterials have been utilized to address this weakness due to their high specific surface area and strengthening capability in different matrices, including cement. This study aims to evaluate the impact of incorporating a binary nanocomposite of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and graphene oxide to enhance the mechanical properties of the Portland cement. 

For hybridization, electrostatic adsorption mechanism was used to connect TiO2 nanoparticles on graphene sheets and synthesize TiO2–GO nanocomposite. In this work, TiO2 powder was processed in nitric acid to accumulate protons in the form of H+ functional group on the surface of nanoparticles and make it positively charged. On the other hand, chemically produced GO suspension has an intrinsic negative charge due to the formation and presence of hydroxyl groups (OH–) on its surface. Therefore, the combination of these two charged substances with the opposite charge under several hours of stirring causes them to be connected and attracted to each other through electrostatics.

Cement paste with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 was prepared and hydrated for different durations (7, 14, and 28 days). Nanostructured reinforcement with a fixed concentration of 0.05 wt.% GO and varying concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.% TiO₂ were added to the cement. The resulting cement paste samples were analyzed for compressive strength, porosity, and microstructure. The study revealed that the sample containing 1 wt.% TiO₂–0.05 wt.% GO exhibited the best mechanical behavior, with a 55% higher compressive strength compared to the unreinforced cement sample. Furthermore, this sample had the lowest porosity. Microstructural analyses indicated that the reinforced sample had a reduced porosity, improved hydration acceleration, and enhanced overall integrity of the structure, leading to the significant improvements in its mechanical properties.