---

---

Wound healing and skin remodeling occur directly after skin damage, so the use of platelet rich growth factors (PRGF) and probiotics is important to accelerate this process because of their positive effects on wound healing and antibacterial activities. Combination of above biomaterials with tissue engineering techniques led to the production of a new wound dressing. Therefore, in this study, PRGF was obtained from platelet-rich plasma and a multi-layered scaffold was fabricated by electerospining method using polyurethane (PU) fibers, PRGF and gelatin fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile and water contact angle tests were performed to assess the characteristics of the scaffolds. The human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs) were extracted and cultured with the fibroblast cells (HU-02) as co-culture cells and Lactobacillus plantarum was cultured on scaffolds with or without PRGF to evaluate cell viability, toxicity and proliferation, then antibacterial activities of L.plantarum were examined. The result of MTT assay after 14 days indicated that PRFG and L.plantarum had significant positive effect on viability and proliferation of co-culture cells. SEM photograph illustrated adhesion and proliferation of cells and bacteria on scaffolds up to 21 days. The Agar-well diffusion test confirmed the antibacterial effect of L.plantarum on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with strong inhibition zone. The current multi-layered scaffold provides the appropriate wound dressing for cell adhesion, proliferation and prevents wound infection.
 

---

The activity of Wnt signaling pathway is increased in colorectal cancer. For this reason, finding new positive and negative regulators for this pathway is a treatment and diagnostic strategy of colorectal cancer. Our bioinformatics analysis indicated that hsa-miR-424 (miR-424) could be a possible regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Accordingly, the expression level of miR-424 in colorectal cancer tissues was elevated compared with normal pairs and the results of RT-qPCR showed a significant increase in miR-424 expression (p < 0.01). Then, molecular analyzes using Top/Fop Flash and RT-qPCR techniques indicated that miR-424 overexpression leads to increased Wnt pathway activity in the SW480 cell line. In addition, the small molecules IWP-2 and PNU-74654 were used to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, and the miR-424 overexpression suggested that exert its effect on the level of β-catenin complex degradation. Then, dual-luciferase assay validated the interaction between miR-424 and APC. Overall, our results suggest miR-424 is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and it could be a possible prognosis for colorectal cancer.
 

---

Due to the importance of acoustic response control of submerged vibrating structures, in this study,the optimization of acoustic power radiation from a square stiffened plate under harmonic loading was investigated.Since one face of the plate is in contact with water, a fully coupled analysis was used. The effect of fluid in the analysis was considered via added mass matrix. The added mass matrix was obtained based on both Rayleigh integral and the boundary element approaches.The obtained added mass matrix was then added to the mass matrix of the structure calculated from the finite element discretization of plate. Several variables such as acoustic pressure at specific points and also radiated power were calculated. Results show good agreement between obtained results from the Rayleigh integral and the boundary element. To reduce the radiation power, dynamic absorbers in the form of lumped mass and mass-springs in specific locations on the plate surface were considered. Because optimization procedure requires several evaluation of cost function in the design variable space, model reduction can save a great amount of computation efforts. Therefore, the truncated modal matrix was employed and its effectiveness and precision on the obtained results was studied. Finally, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used for minimizing the appropriate goal function in three case studies: concentrated mass on cross-points, dynamic absorbers on cross-points and combination of two former cases.All the studied cases resulted on significant reduction in the goal function index.

---

In this study the herdel effects of heating time, basil seed mucilage and Sodium Nitrite during preservating time on qualitative characteristics of 40% sausage by RSM method were investigated in order to decrease using nitrite at sausage. At first section the effect of different herdels on qualitative characteristics of sausage including residual nitrite, color and the number of Clostridium Perfringens and texure were investigated. In the second part, the optimization and the validity of developed model were performed. The results indicated that by increasing nitrite, the residual nitrite amount increased and by increasing of preservation time the nitrite amount was decreased. Overall changes are influenced by nitrite amount, basil seed mucilage, and heating time. Chlorostidium number was influenced by nitrite square and preservation time, so that the lowest Clostridium Perfringens amount was acquired at the highest nitrite concentration. Also only effective parameter on the sausage texture was basil seed mucilage. By increasing of mucilage content hardness of sausage was decreased by optimization the amounts of 95.38 ppm nitrite, 0.76% basil seed mucilage, the heating time of 112.15 minute at the preservation time of (24 days) were selected- which this formula lead to decrease at about 30ppm of the added nitrite- based on Iran national standard. The theoretical and the experimental results were in great agreement so RSM could be used for modeling and optimization of such processes.

---

According to the Holy Islam, there are mutual relationships between citizens and the state in an Islamic society; which imply complement duties for both sides. The Sharia has defined different responsibilities for the citizens, which in accordance with the Islamic state will result in a better society. Among these responsibilities is the reaction of a Muslim when witnessing a crime in the society. By using the game theory approach we have studied the consequences of two Islamic orders, i.e. enjoining right and forbidding wrong. We have modeled the reactions of the people when seeing a crime in the society in the framework of a strategic game with VNM preferences. The results show that not paying enough attention to these two valuable orders would reduce the individual and social utility. In other words, if people follow the enjoining right and forbidding wrong, the economic and social costs of crime for the society will decrease and the social welfare will increase.

---

In the past decades, Food colorants which are used in food industries are suspected due to the increased world sensitivity against the health of human diet; hence, many of researchers tried to extract the edible colorants from natural resources. One of the natural resources is the root of madder (Rubia tinctorum) which has the most stable natural red pigment, Alizarin. In this research the madder extract as natural colorant at 2, 3 and 4% and pectin as a replacer for gelatin at 3:0, 1.5:1.5 and 0:3% were used in flavoured milk- based dessert and their various qualitative parameters were evaluated during 15 days of storage. The results showed that increasing of madder extract with various ratios of gelatin: pectin, changed the dry matter and pH of the specimens significantly (p<0.05) and after 15 days, the pH raised up clearly. The texture evaluation showed that in the samples containing 3:0 gelatin: pectin, were more rigid than the others and demonstrated the least textural changes during 15 days according to the lower syneresis (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that the addition of madder extract at its maximum level (4%), had the best results about the color, in the viewpoint of panelists and had no side effects on other parameters like odor, taste, apparent shape, texture and overall acceptance. Totally and according to the results, it can be concluded that by addition of 3% of gelatin along with 4% of madder extract in flavoured milk- based dessert, the qualitative parameters can be improve along with more shelf life and marketability, too.
 

---

The present study is subjected to analytical, numerical, and experimental simulation of hydraulic characteristics of flow over the streamlined weirs. Numerical simulations were performed using an open source software namely OpenFoam. According to the objectives of the present study, to evaluate the results of numerical modeling, experimental investigation was conducted, studying different models of streamlined weirs, experimentally. The profiles of the experimental models as well as the simulated numerical models were designed based on the Joukowsky transform function. By analyzing the results of different turbulence models including standard k-ε model, realized k-ε model, RNG k-ε model, k-ω SST model and Reynolds stress LRR model, the k-ω SST model was chosen as the most accurate numerical turbulence model for the simulation of flow over the streamlined weirs. The results of the numerical simulations for different flow discharges and different geometrical characteristics, indicated that, increasing the flow discharge and the relative eccentricity in Joukowsky transform function, tends to increase the velocity and consequently decrease the pressure over the weir crest. Therefore, the lowest pressure and the most probable potential of cavitation belongs to the circular-crested weirs with λ = 1 and high flow discharges. Furthermore, the results show that the greatest bed shear stresses and the compressive forces occur at the downstream end of the circular-crested weirs, thus the downstream zone of the circular-crested weirs is responsible to large values of bed erosion. This is partly due to formation of shock waves, reduction of the flow depth and enhanced velocity of flow downstream of the circular-crested weirs. Furthermore, the lowest bed shear stresses occur at the upstream end of the circular-crested weirs. Therefore, potential of sedimentation upstream of the circular-crested weirs increases. Accordingly, by employing streamlined weirs with λ< 1, and an appropriate curvature, unfavorable flow conditions would be improved, leading to a more safe and economic hydraulic structure. The present study is subjected to analytical, numerical, and experimental simulation of hydraulic characteristics of flow over the streamlined weirs. Numerical simulations were performed using an open source software namely OpenFoam. According to the objectives of the present study, to evaluate the results of numerical modeling, experimental investigation was conducted, studying different models of streamlined weirs, experimentally. The profiles of the experimental models as well as the simulated numerical models were designed based on the Joukowsky transform function. By analyzing the results of different turbulence models including standard k-ε model, realized k-ε model, RNG k-ε model, k-ω SST model and Reynolds stress LRR model, the k-ω SST model was chosen as the most accurate numerical turbulence model for the simulation of flow over the streamlined weirs. The results of the numerical simulations for different flow discharges and different geometrical characteristics, indicated that, increasing the flow discharge and the relative eccentricity in Joukowsky transform function, tends to increase the velocity and consequently decrease the pressure over the weir crest. Therefore, the lowest pressure and the most probable potential of cavitation belongs to the circular-crested weirs with λ = 1 and high flow discharges. Furthermore, the results show that the greatest bed shear stresses and the compressive forces occur at the downstream end of the circular-crested weirs, thus the downstream zone of the circular-crested weirs is responsible to large values of bed erosion. This is partly due to formation of shock waves, reduction of the flow depth and enhanced velocity of flow downstream of the circular-crested weirs. Furthermore, the lowest bed shear stresses occur at the upstream end of the circular-crested weirs. Therefore, potential of sedimentation upstream of the circular-crested weirs increases. Accordingly, by employing streamlined weirs with λ< 1, and an appropriate curvature, unfavorable flow conditions would be improved, leading to a more safe and economic hydraulic structure.

---

This paper addresses the trajectory tracking of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. Our objective is to design a controller for a VTOL aircraft in such a way that the aircraft tracks a predefined 3d spatial path in the presence of constant disturbances and uncertainty in the inertial matrix. Taking advantage of the extraction algorithm, we separate the design for the translational and rotational dynamics. First a virtual controller is designed for the translational dynamics from which the ideal thrust direction is extracted. To deal with the under-actuation of the translational dynamics, we have exploited an auxiliary system while an estimator is also involved in the design of the virtual controller to compensate for the effect of the translational disturbance. In order to keep our estimation bounded, we utilize the projection operator which is also smooth enough. An adaptive sliding mode control is used for rotational dynamics control such that the ideal thrust is accomplished. Since the inertial matrix and the bound on rotational disturbance is unknown, an adaptive structure is used to estimate the unknown bounds. The stability of the control framework is established through Lyapunov analysis. Finally simulation results are given to test the validity of the proposed control scheme.

---

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of pressure gradient in the gap on morphological and geometrical characteristics of the powder synthesized by electrical discharge method and optimizing it. Electrical discharge is a modern and high performance approach towards yielding ultrafine powder. The pressure gradient was inducted by pulsed flushing using various current flows of deionized water and ethanol and, two rods of graphite and tungsten were used to yield tungsten carbide powder. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show that the powder contains both electrodes' material and is within nano range. Furthermore, the SEM images demonstrate that with increasing pressure gradient there is a decline in powder agglomeration. Particle Size Analysis (PSA) results reveal that the mean particle size of the powder produced in deionized water and ethanol is approximately 100nm and the particles produced in ethanol are smaller. Moreover, the size of the crystals of the synthesized particle are within 30-44 nm range. X-ray diffraction showed that the dominant phases of the powder in ethanol and deionized water are WC1-x and W2C respectively. Overall, the results prove that causing steep gradient in the gap, it is possible to synthesize geometrically uniform powder with decent production rate.

---

                Our country's legislator in 2010 by pursuing the developed countries, in the form of Article 107 of the Fifth Development Scheme Act of Islamic Republic of Iran, provided the formation ground of economic-legal institution, “Economic Interest Group”, for joint economic and trading activities. The authors, while criticizing the placement of the mentioned article and  defective statute in the Fifth Scheme Act, which is a temporary act, having pointed out the history of the Economic Interest Group, the necessity for its inclusion and comparing it with similar institutions as well, have analyzed the above article merely in terms of the requirements of forming Group, as well as the European :union:’s procedure regarding The economic interest groups , and have put forward their perspective along with suggestions. This institution has almost the same function of “joint venture” without legal entity. However, it could also be different from “joint venture” concerning the liability of members against third-parties. There are also differences between the mentioned institution with consortium (Companies :union:). Formation of Economic Interest Group is allowed and carried out for the purposes of trading and non-profitable activities with conforming to the Islamic rules and the principles of Harm Prohibition and Monopoly Prevention. The contract formation must be written having limited duration and registered in the Companies Registration Organization. There has been no any enforcement stipulated in Article 107 for failure to registering the Economic Interest Group’s contract formation in the Companies Registration Organization.      * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: Tafreshi@modares.ac.ir

---

---

Legal systems occasionally strive to meet the needs of applicants who are seeking credit by creating security devices based on the type of property, type of debt and even the way the debt has been imposed upon which gives rise to complexities in the legal systems governing secured transactions and rendering them impractical and sometimes only one security device is introduced to fulfill all demands made by applicants throughout all sectors while this measure is taken with inclusiveness and flexibility. In this paper, the two mentioned approaches are called Pluralism and Unitarianism and by examining them in the two legal systems of the US and England, we’ve answered the question in the Iran’s law that whether with respect to the mortgage contract regulations in the Civil Code of Iran and other existing miscellaneous laws and rules, specifically in the banking field which is in a distance from the mortgage contract regulations, there are numerous means for collateralizing properties and hence the pluralism approach is dominant or whether all the subject matters are categorized under the same title and therefore the Unitarianism approach is dominant. The result is that in the United States legal system and within the framework of Article 9 UCC Unitarianism, and in the England system, with various devices of security, pluralism prevails. Mortgage contract is the only security device in our country’s legal system and all the regulations passed so far are in place to moderate the traditional rules governing this devices. Therefore, our country’s legal system’s position is Unitarianism. However, this state of Unitarianism is incomplete and limited and there should be created an inclusive and all-directional system for secured transactions by amending the existing regulations in order for optimizing the efficiency of the mentioned system.

---

There are many discussions about Remedies on breach of performance of contractual obligations and liability of the breach in various contributions. Promissor often perform his obligations but the other party not and the question is what is the position of law and justice about it and what are the consequences. Are the promissor have liability and exchange guaranty about promisse or the liability will be removed by acceptance of promisee. In this article, this topic are examined in Iranian law, Imamitte jurisprudence emphasis on European Contract Law and CIS. The authors concluded that although, promissor,contrary to examined legal documents and Art.273 of Iranian civil law, In situation of non performance of promisee, have to render it to authorities or their deputies to exempt from exchange guaranty despite the fact that this Article originated from Imamite jurisprudence, in copmarison to CISG and principles of Eurpoean Contract Law have strengths and weaknesses. Art.273 is complimentary and parties are able to choose between examined approach or other approaches.

---

Sometimes numerous persons are harmed by harmful act or acts, such as exposure to toxic substances or by a manufacturer using harmful substances in his products. If the harmed persons want to file a claim for damages and be investigated individually, the result of the Individual litigation is that they must prove harmful act, loss-making and causality between the two, and this sometimes leads to a reluctance to file a claim. Also The speed of investigate has slowed and burden costs to the judiciary. A lawsuit has been filed against such cases as "Mass Tort" in the United States. This lawsuit where judicial authorities acknowledge the need for special judicial management and resolve it by choosing the appropriate approach. This article examines this lawsuit and explains its dimensions in the United States of American’s law and then, has been examined the status of dealing with these lawsuits in the Iranian legal system. As a result, in the US judicial system, judicial authorities choose from a variety of approaches and resolve these lawsuits, and there is no solution in the Iranian legal system to deal with these lawsuits, whether class actions or consolidation, and development of appropriate solutions must be considered by the legislator.

---

Assembled goods are goods that are made by assembling prefabricated parts. If damage is caused by the assembled product, the injured party usually files a lawsuit against the manufacturer of the final product due to easier access. The defendant may argue that he relied on actions or omissions of component manufacturers or raw material suppliers to exemption from liability in this research, we answer the question that on which basis is the producer of the part is responsible to the injured party? In order to answer this question, the legal system of the United States has been studied first, and by extracting the model of this legal system based on the judicial procedure, the issue has been discussed in Iran legal system. Finally, it was concluded that in the American legal system, the general principle is that if the manufactured part is non-defective before distribution, the part manufacturer is not responsible. However, in exceptional cases, the component maker is responsible for compensation to the injured party, and for these cases, four models have been followed by the courts of this country. In Iran's legal system, inspired by the model obtained from the American legal system, the manufacturer of the part is responsible in case the component is defective and there is a certain causal relationship between the defect and the occurrence of damage, in contrast in cases of design defects and or issuance of warning by the component manufacturer, the responsibility of the part manufacturer is assumed.