Showing 10 results for Khodakarami
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and -C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches’ broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Adolescents who have been deprived of family support for various reasons are more likely to be in vulnerable groups in society, resulting in more risky behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-drama in reducing high-risk behaviors in unsupervised adolescent boys.
Materials & Methods:
This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of unsupervised teenage boys between the ages of 12-13, who were studying in the sixth grade in Zanjan in the 2018-2019 academic year. 40 students were selected by purposive sampling and substituted in two equal groups as experimental and control groups. The main tool was the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2013). Psychodrama intervention was performed for 9 sessions (each session 90 minutes) for the experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. At the final session, both experimental and control groups received a posttest. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS23.
Findings: Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest phase (p<0.05). Psychodrama decreased high-risk behaviors in the experimental group. The percentage of these changes based on the Eta-square was 41.3%. Also, according to the results, Eta-square of components was 37% for the smoking, 32% for the alcohol; 17.9% for the psychotropic; 36.3% for aggressive behaviors,35.3% for thinking and committing suicide, 30.5% for escape component, and 35.5% for relationship the opposite sex (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that psychodrama is an effective adjunctive therapy to reduce the symptoms of high-risk behaviors of unsupervised adolescent boys, and it is recommended to counselors in preventing psychological damage in schools.
Z. Tabanfar , S.m. Firoozabadi , Z. Khodakarami, Z. Shankayi ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an important clinical test for the diagnosis of many brain diseases. The aim of this study was the analysis of electroencephalogram data during rest in patients with brain tumor.
Materials and Methods: In the present analytic observational study, EEG data of 44 patients with brain tumor (tumoral group) and 31 healthy subjects (healthy group) during rest were used. After preprocessing, the linear temporal features, linear spectral features of different frequency bands, and non-linear features of fractal dimension and entropy were extracted. Then, the distinction between healthy and tumoral groups based on extracted features was investigated, using the Davis-Bouldin statistic method, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification.
Findings: There was no significant difference between the the fractal kutz dimension and the waveform length of the two healthy and tumoral groups. Among other features, the sample entropy with a significant reduction in the tumoral group made the most distinction between the two groups (0.69 for the healthy group and 0.53 for the tumoral group). The highest classification accuracy of the two groups was 84%, using the sample entropy and KNN classification.
Conclusion: EEG signals have the potential to distinct the patients with brain tumor and healthy subjects. Nonlinear entropy features with more adaptation to the nonlinear nature of the brain shows a higher accuracy in the representation of the tumoral group. The less entropy of the tumoral group indicates less complexity in the brain processing of this group than the healthy group.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: The impact of high-rise urban buildings on environmental conditions, including wind movement in urban valleys, is an issue that needs attention. Because wind is one of the important variables affecting the conditions of pedestrian thermal comfort as well as the scattering of urban outdoor pollution. The purpose of this study was to find the positive effects of such buildings on reducing environmental pollution.
Methods: In this study, texture around Imam Khomeini Square in Tehran was examined using Envi-met software. The tallest building in this context is a telecommunication building with 50 meters high. Therefore, in addition to the actual height of the building and examining the wind speed pattern at different altitudes of 50 meters, assuming the building has different heights (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 meters), was also simulated and the results of the wind flow distribution pattern of the different models was compared with each other.
Results: By examining the relationship between elevation and geometry of this building with the pattern of current distribution and wind speed around it, it was found that by changing the height, the patterns of air turbulence around the building change and this changes the pattern of air pollution.
Conclusion: This study shows the significant effect of building height on the wind pattern around the texture and the higher air layers and the air pollution distribution of the adjacent passages.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
For this purpose, field study and data recording in two parts, and different environmental situation in one micro climate.
Material and method: crowded places were studied to 18 days from the first day of shahrivar to 18th of shahrivar; two categories were created: the first Baghe fin open spaces and the second historical textures open spaces. After finishing library studies, physical presence in the texture and conducting field study (observation, and data collection of site) simultaneously the responses of 788 of inhabitants and tourists to the questionnaires (environmental and thermal situations), climate parameters (temperature, air flow speed, moisture, co, co2) were recorded. Then the dress rate and the metabolism of people was computed with delta log10 software, and after collecting and analyzing the data with spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents based on UTCI was determined by Ray Man software.
Findings: The finding shows that the respondents in the whole surrounding of the study experienced thermal comfort between 20,23 and 35,61 centigrade degree. Also thermal comfort scope in Baghe fin between 19,45 to 37,63 and in historical texture between 18,5 to 35,16 centigrade.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the scope of thermal comfort in Baghe fin is higher the that of Kashan historical texture about 1,52 centigrade.
Volume 13, Issue 7 (Supplementary Issue - 2011)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of several doses of spearmint essential oil (SEO; 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1,000 µg ml-1 buffered rumen fluid) on the fermentation kinetic and digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. A total mixed ration (30% roughage: 70% concentrate) was incubated with buffered rumen fluid. In vitro gas production, asymptotic gas production (A), rate of gas production (µ), partitioning factor (PF), microbial biomass (MB), ammonia concentration and digestibility were determined. Increasing the dose of SEO decreased the parameters A and µ. Adding SEO, however, increased PF, ammonia concentration, apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility and true in vitro organic matter digestibility at the lower levels of SEO (250 and 500 µg ml-1). But, at the level of 1,000 µg ml-1, a decrease was observed for these parameters. The increment in PF and digestibility illustrate that SEO has a potential to modulate the rumen fermentation, which may be beneficial (at low doses) for improving nutrient utilization.
Yaghoub Fathollahi, Bahareh Dabirmanesh, Khosrow Khajeh, Atefeh Khodakarami,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are molecules that regulators the immune system. However, some tumor cells can express the ligands of immune checkpoints to escape from antitumor immune responses. Some agents, such as antibodies, can inhibit these checkpoints that prevent the immune system from targeting and killing cancer cells. The aim of this study was to express a novel bispecific diabody in periplasmic space of E.coli for simultaneous targeting of two immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte‑associated protein 4 (CTLA‑4) and programmed death- ligand 1 (PD‑L1).
The bispecific diabody was constructed based on the variable regions gene of anti PD-L1 and anti CTLA‑4 antibodies. The optimum codon for expression in E. coli was chemically synthesized and subcloned in pET21 expression plasmid. After transformation, the effect of cultivation conditions on periplasmic expression of the protein in E. coli BL21(DE3) was evaluated. Then, the bispecific diabody was purified .
Expression of diabody with a molecular weight of 55 kDa was verified by Sodium dodecyl sulfate‑polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting analysis. The best condition for soluble periplasmic expression was obtained to be incubation with 0.5 mM isopropyl β‑D‑1‑thiogalactopyranoside at 23°C. The protein was successfully purified using affinity chromatography with a final yield of 0.4 mg/L. The affinity of the purified protein interaction were checked by ELISA.
Recombinant Diabody protein was cloned, expressed, and purified in a bacterial system and Diabody Interaction with PDL-1 receptor conformed by Cell-Elisa.
Volume 16, Issue 94 (December 2019)
Abstract
Yogurt is a fermented dairy product, which is a popular product throughout the world and has positive effects on public health, due to its nutritional properties. Aloe vera extract is a kind of vegetable derivative, which has high nutritional value and antibacterial properties. In this research the effects of Aloe vera extract (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2% w/w) addition on the textural (syneresis), chemical (pH, acidity), viability of yoghurt probiotic microorganisms, yeast and mold, antioxidant properties and sensorial attributes of stirred probiotic yogurts were investigated during the shelf life (1st, 7th, 14th and 21thday of production). The results showed addition of Aloe vera extract decreased the pH value and increased acidity but decreased syneresis. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus viability increased with Aloe Vera extract addition but yeast and mold counts decreased. The addition of Aloe vera extract increased antioxidant properties of yoghurt. Sensorial analysis indicated that panelists preferred yogurt samples with low Aloe vera extract rates. However, higher rates of Aloe vera extract affected the flavor and overall acceptability and lowered their panelist scores. During time, pH decreased and acidity and syneresis increased. Overall, it was concluded that the best treatment from all aspects, was 0.5% Aloe vera extract.
Volume 18, Issue 116 (October 2021)
Abstract
In this paper, the issue of heat transfer in three-dimensional solid objects, a special form with cylindrical geometry, is investigated using the numerical finite element method by the commercial software Abaqus. Heating and cooling in food processing are common activities, heating food for a variety of purposes such as reducing microbial aggregation, inactivating enzymes, reducing the amount of nutrient water, modifying the functional properties of a particular compound, and cooking when heat transfer is performed. It plays a central role in all these operations. In this paper, a cylindrical geometry specimen with a temperature of 200 °C is used to investigate the temperature variations of potatoes in high-temperature oil. The results of numerical modeling of potato slices in high-temperature oil show that the rate of changes in the edges of the model is higher than in other parts of the model, which is a factor for the burns of potato edges. Also, the temperature variations in the center of the model have the lowest changes in the logarithmic distribution of heat transfer in the cylinder radius. In addition, with the increase in an exposure time of potato samples in high-temperature oil, almost all models reach the same temperature conditions.
Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Seismic waves of structural vibrations propagating through the soil and transmitting to other structures, and the effect this has on seismic performance, have recently come up due to the result of recent ground movements originating in soft soil zones like Mexico City. In regions with densely built structures, this vibration may have a significant impact on structural responses. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of a single structure on soil (Soil-Structure Interaction, or SSI) vs. that of a pair of similar structures with differing soil conditions (Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction, or SSSI). Recent research suggests that damage risks may increase due to the SSSI impacts. The studied structure is a three-dimensional, six-story steel building with a foundationally sound moment and braced frames lateral force resisting system. To account for the non-linear behavior shown by SSSI and SSI models, a three-dimensional steel structure is presented in OpenSEES. For simulating the soil easily under the foundations and between structures, the nonlinear Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler-Foundation (BNWF) model is employed. There is a meter of space between structures. Therefore impact between buildings is prohibited. The SSSI and SSI systems are examined using 11 horizontal components. Ground motion magnitudes ranges from Mw = 5.0 to Mw = 8.5, soil shear velocity varies from Vs30=185 m/s to Vs30=365 m/s, and distance from faults goes from 10 km to 50 km. The two orthogonal horizontal components of selected seismic ground motion stimulate the system. Inter-story drift ratio, roof displacement, and plastic hinge rotations of structural elements are among the reactions of importance. In the SSSI and SSI models, the Park-Ang damage index is utilized to calculate the local and global damage index. This damage indicator is divided into two categories: deformation and energy-based indices. The current study's findings show that the SSSI model increases the roof displacement response by up to 58%. When the SSI and SSSI cases are compared, it is discovered that the SSSI case increases the inter-story drift ratio by 118% in the moment frame and by 53% in the braced frame. In addition to this, it is shown that, in general, a second structure may have a significant impact on the frequency amplitude of a system that is adjacent to it. According to the data, the amplitude of the power spectrum density in the SSSI model is more than 44.6% higher than that which is found in the SSI model. According to the findings, the damage index predicted by SSSI models is 32% greater than that predicted by SSI models. It is important to keep in mind that constructing a second building next to an existing one is often counterproductive and raises the possibility of damage occurring in both of the structures. As a result of the findings, it is clear that more study into SSSI phenomena and their influence on structural seismic risk is necessary. This is because it has been shown that adjacent buildings may significantly increase a structure's vulnerability to earthquakes.
