Showing 9 results for Moatamed
Volume 3, Issue 3 (Number 3 - 2001)
Abstract
In this study, the optimum combination of major factors affecting the acceptability of
whey-based Ricotta cheese i.e. fat at three levels (0, 5, 10%), salt at three levels (0, 1, 2%),
and starter culture at two levels (0, 3%) was determined in a complete randomized design
method with a factorial experiment. Ricotta cheese trials made by mixing whey and milk
in a ratio of 5:1 were then organoleptically judged on the basis of the main attributes such
as color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The collected data were then statistically
analyzed using a seven point hedonic method. The results show that the addition
of fat had a significant effect on all sensory attributes (p< 0.05). The incorporation
of salt in the formulation also had a significant effect on flavor, color, and
overall acceptability (p< 0.05) as well as on texture (p< 0.01), whereas the addition
of starter culture had a significant effect only on texture (p< 0.01) and overall
acceptability (p< 0.05). It was concluded that a combination of 5% fat, 2%
salt, and 3% starter culture gains a higher score and could be recommended as
the preferred formulation for Iranian consumers.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Among different models for runoff estimation in watershed management, the Soil Conservation Services-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method along with its modifications have been widely applied to ungauged watersheds because of quickly and more accurate estimation of surface runoff. This approach has been widely accepted by hydrologists, water resources planners, foresters, and engineers, as well. Therefore, this work was aimed to estimate the curve number using CN-values through several methods viz. SCS, Sobhani (1975), Hawkins et al. (1985), Chow et al. (1988), Neitsch et al. (2002) and Mishra et al. (2008) in Bar Watershed, Iran. According to the results, the Neitsch formula showed the best performance for estimating the Curve Number in situation with low (CNI) and high (CNIII) antecedent moisture conditions. However, the weakest performance was related to Mishra (2008) in CNI and CNIII-conversions. The weakest performance was resulted from the exponential form of the Neitsch et al. formula and the variable meteorological conditions of the Bar Watershed over the year.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the problems that affects many people throughout their life. It has been argued that many individuals with LBP suffered from disability. Due to the high prevalence of LBP, this study was performed to explore the relationship between LBP and disability among a referees to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS).
Method and Materials: This study was performed on eligible referees to the teaching hospitals of ZUMS. The Oswestry Lumbar Disability Questionnaire were used to to assess the disabilities during daily activities and the questionnaire of Van Korf et al. was used to measure pain intensity through Numerical Pain Rating (NPR) scale. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 26 and analyzed.
Findings: Totally 238 individuals including 159 female with mean age of (35.56± 16.12) and 79 male with mean age of (40.06± 13.22) took part in the study and completed the questionnaires. The results of this study showed there was significant relationship between pain severity and disability (p<0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the present study showed that female suffered from pain severity and disability more than male significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According the findings of this study, designing proper interventions to decrease LBP in order to decrease disability consequently. However, doing more researches in future to verify the results of this study is strongly recommended.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Aim: These disorders are frequently cause inability that limits the performances and productivity of the suffered people. This study aimed to explore how Iranian low back pain suffered describe their disabilities.
Method and Materials: This research is a descriptive study by which the studied participants who suffered from low back pain described how they were disable to do their daily activities. To do this study, the written consent form were signed by the participants if they were satisfied to be studied. Then these participant were provided with demographic and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Six sections of this questionnaire which were related to usual daily activities were completed by the participants. Completed data were entered into the SPSS and analyzed through descriptive statistics.
Findings: In this study 238 eligible participants including 159 female with mean age of (40.06±13.22) and 79 male with mean age of (35.56±16.12) be studied. According the finding of this study majority of the participants stated that they suffered from pain and due disability regarding daily activity such as lifting, walking, siting, standing, and personal care.
Conclusion: This study showed the majority of Iranian participants suffered from disability for doing their daily activities due to their low back pain. Therefor, doing further researches to verify the results and designing proper intervention is strongly recommended.
Volume 8, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is a biopsychological problem which involve all aging groups worldwide which could limited social and sexual activities among suffered people. In this regard, this study aimed to obtain viewpoints of Iranian people involved with LBP.
Method and Materials: This descriptive study was done on Iranian adults who suffered from LBP. To do this study, demographic questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed by eligible participants. The last three sections of this questionnaire which were related to sexual, traveling and social activities were completed by the participants who were satisfied to be studied and signed the written consent form. Completed data were entered into the SPSS version 26 and analyzed through descriptive statistics.
Findings: In total, 238 eligible adult including 159 female aged 40.06±13.22 years and 79 male aged 35.56±16.12 years were assessed. In this study, of 238 responded participants 147 (61.7%) participants explained some LBP , of 179 responded participants 89 (49.7% ) participants described sexual activity limitation and, of 228 responded participants ,146 ( 64%) participants verified that they had social activity limitation due to disability consequently to LBP.
Conclusion: This study showed the majority of Iranian participants with disability due to LBP have limited social and sexually activities. Therefore, doing further studies to confirm these results and designing proper interventions are strongly recommended.
Volume 13, Issue 3 (Number 3 - 2011)
Abstract
Accelerated soil erosion is an undesirable process that adversely affects water and soil
resources. Rainfall erosivity is an important factor in water erosion models. Accordingly,
the present study was conducted to estimate the rainfall erosivity throughout Iran based
on the latest available detailed rainfall data while considering its temporal and spatial
variations. To accomplish this, the data from 18 synoptic stations of the Iranian
Meteorological Organization, known to have reliable data and hyetographs with a 23 year
common period, were accordingly analyzed. The kinetic energy of rain for each storm
event was calculated based on Wischmeier and Smith’s original model, i.e. the USLE, and
many of its modifications. Later, the rainfall erosivity factor was calculated on a monthly,
seasonal, and annual basis using the calculated kinetic energy. The results revealed that
the greatest risk of erosivity occurred in March, December, and November, as indicated
by R factors of 0.228, 0.201, and 0.147 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, respectively, while June and
August had the lowest erosivity factors, as indicated by R factors of 0.017 and 0.027 MJ
mm ha-1 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the spatial variations in R verified that
the Anzali and Babolsar Stations, located in northern Iran, had the maximum erosivity
values, with R factors of 11.518 and 4.260 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, respectively. Conversely, the
Bam and Semnan Stations, located in the central and eastern Iran, had the minimum
erosivity values, as indicated by R values of 0.201 and 0.212 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, respectively.
The long term mean annual rainfall erosivity factor of Iran was ultimately found to be
1.226 MJ mm ha-1 h-1.
Leila Pourhang, Zahra Ghorbanzadeh, Mehrbanoo Kazemi Alamuti, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Pakzad, Elahe Moatamed, Mona Mapar, Aliakbar Ebadi, Mohammad Reza Ghaffari*, Katayoun Zamani, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, Behzad Ghareyazie, Motahhareh Mohsenpour,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (FALL 2023)
Abstract
Production of drought tolerant crop is an important strategy for avoiding water scarce crisis. Improvement of the root structure leading to the higher yield and seed quality. In this study, three genes affecting root structure, drought tolerance and phosphorous absorbance are used in producing hybrid constructs used for the rice transformation. Three genes: a serine/threonine protein kinase (PSTOL1), a gene from the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase family (OsCKX4) and a transcription factor induced under stress from the NAM-ATAF-CUC family (OsNAC5) isolated from the rice wild cultivars are cloned under separate regulatory elements in the T-DNA region of the Agrobacterium binary vector. OsNAC5 gene was cloned under RCc3 root specific promoter and PSTOL1 gene under ubiquitin promoter. Also, OsCKX4 gene was cloned once under ubiquitin promoter and once under RCc3 promoter. Two hybrid multi-gene constructs named pUhrN5CkPstol and pUhrCkPstol harboring multiple genes are synthetized and used for the gene transformation into the Hashemi cultivar. Gene transfer was done to callus obtained from mature rice seeds. Transgenic plants were confirmed using PCR analysis. From the number of 107 regenerated plants in which the presence of transgenes was proved, 14 transgenic events were finally obtained. Root structure of the T0 plants showed drastic phenotypic difference in comparison to the non-transgenic ones. By now, one transgenic event harboring CKX4 and PSTOL1 is confirmed to have a homozygous line in T2 generation. It is hoped that genetic engineering of rice for enhanced root structure lead to drought tolerance, reduce water consumption and improve yield under stress conditions.
Volume 17, Issue 109 (March 2021)
Abstract
soybean and its products have been considered as functional products. Due to applying of functional properties of soy milk, a mixture of cow milk and soy milk in different proportions (zero, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% soy milk) was processed to yogurt and then liquid kashk was produced. Liquid Kashk was converted to powder by spray dryer and their physicochemical and sensory properties were measured. The results showed that the amount of moisture and protein in the Kashk powder increased from 3.1% to 3.96% and 29.2% to 65.57% respectively and the amount of acidity decreased from 1.72% to 0.8% in the 100% soy milk sample compare to 0% soy milk Kashk (P ≤0.05). The increase in soy milk also increased the viscosity and consistency of the reconstituted Kashk. Adding soy milk up to 40% did not make a significant difference in taste and color compared to the control sample, but adding soy milk at levels higher than 40% caused a significant reduction (P ≤0.05) in taste and color score. Soy milk reduced the overall acceptance score of reconstituted Kashk, which did not significant up to 60% of soy milk.
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spriing 2025)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
The construction sector is one of the macroeconomic sectors that attracts a large amount of the country's liquidity every year. Investment in this sector is of paramount importance. Not taking into account the conditions of the investment field, possible events and influencing factors, actions and reactions of the market and society, when choosing construction projects, causes investors to have problems in reaching their goals. System dynamics is one of the most effective tools that provides the possibility to recognize and understand the laws governing the change processes of complex systems. Researches show that in Iran, especially in Tehran, the building and above all the housing as an economic commodity has characteristics that distinguish it from other commodities and complicate the analysis of supply and demand and market slow down. Therefore, the decision to invest in the construction sector can be considered a dynamic decision that various and different factors and variables are effective in this process. In this research, the dynamic simulation methodology of the system of investment in construction projects in Tehran has been analyzed and investigated which can be used as a support system for model-based decision.
Methodology
In terms of purpose, this research is exploratory and can be considered among applied research. The statistical population of the research includes experts who work in the field of building investment. To collect information, the library method and documents of investment companies in the field of construction have been used. The basic analytical method in this research is simulation using system dynamics methodology. Vansim software was used to model system dynamics.
Findings
The increase in real housing prices over the past years has been compared with the output of the simulation model. The results showed that these two values behave similar to each other. The error value of the model in the predicted value and the actual value is very small on average, which indicates the high accuracy of the model in predicting the behavior of the reference. The results of the simulation in the case where the population variable is unchanged and the birth and death rates are zero showed that after some time, the real demand will be zero and the number of available houses will reach a constant value, and the limit behavior of the model is as expected. The simulation results showed that in the case where the land price variable is very high, after some time, the real demand will be zero and the number of available houses will reach a constant value, and the limit behavio of the model is as expected. Therefore, since there is no demand, no houses will be built as a result. Based on the results of the simulation, the most important effects on investment tendencies in construction projects are based on price and profitability variables. With an increase in price, investment in construction increases, but on the other hand, an increase in price will result into increased capital demand. By reducing the capital demand to 5%, the price will decrease to a small amount and the investment in the construction projects will be significantly reduced. The reason for not reducing the price properly is the current inflation, which affects the price of land and other influencing factors. Based on this, the inflation reduction scenario was investigated. With a 15% decrease in inflation, we have seen a relatively significant price decrease and the investment rate has decreased very little. Therefore, the most important component in investment tendencies is the inflation rate and economic stability, the appropriate inflation rate causes a balanced process of price increase and balanced demand, and for this reason, investment is made with less risk, demand and proper profitability.
Discussion and Conclusion
In this research, various aspects of investment in construction projects have been studied with an analytical and multifaceted view. The simulation results showed that the price of building units and the price of land or old property will reach more than double the current value during the 5-year period of simulation. The annual real demand rate increases with a gentle slope from about 105 thousand cases to more than 117 thousand cases and then decreases to less than 84 thousand cases. The construction rate will be about 70 thousand units per year by the investors, and 116 thousand units per year will be invested during the 5-year period, which is due to the increase in capital demand. Based on this and taking into consideration the units demolished for renovation and some units removed from the service due to the exhaustion of the effector in demand and available within 5 years, in the end more than 400 thousand residential units will be added to the total construction units of the city. Based on the results and reports extracted from the simulation model, which shows the future conditions of the investment field of construction projects, along with the study of the performed scenarios, the decision makers can observe and check other changes in the system in case of changes in the variables. Eventually, fully informed decisions are recommended to be made based on investigations with a systemic approach
