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The current research aims to investigate the universality of the language by examining the perception of Persian learners in recognition of subject position according to the theory of input processing and the principle of the first noun from this theory. The first noun principle indicates that language learners consider the noun or pronoun that comes at the beginning of the sentence as the subject of the sentence.The participants in this research are 70 Persian language learners at elementary (23 participants), intermediate (23 participants) and advanced (24 participants) levels in the Persian language learning center of Al-Zahra University. Using Friedman et al.'s (2004) executive method, this study has examined the principle of the first noun as a predictable path in the education of Persian learners. In this direction, a test has been designed on Google Forms, and Persian learners have participated in two different implementations of this test in a time interval of 5 months. In both of its implementations, this test included 15 sentences that the language learners had to connect to the related pictures after hearing the sentences. In order to characterize the perception of the participants from the position of the subject, 8 sentences in the second sentence were put into the passive form. The results of this study have shown that the change of sentences in the second implementation of the test caused an increase in errors in the response rate of language learners and this was reported higher in elementary language learners than in other groups.

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Gilgamesh is the first epic in the world that the most fundamental human issues can be find in it. The Homeric community of Greece was familiar with and influenced by Eastern and Mesopotamian culture via the Mycenaean and eastern Greeks; therefore Gilgamesh has clearly influenced Homerchr('39')s Odyssey. Comparative literature enables us to have a deep understanding of texts. This paper compared to investigate the similarities between the two epics of Gilgamesh and Odyssey Homer by descriptive-analytical method. The two epics have common motifs such as supernatural creatures, alike gods, and philosophies. They also have characters who are similar in their functions. Holy woman and Nausicaa in love with the hero. Ishtar and Circe are capable of transforming humans into animals. Gilgamesh and Ulysses fight monsters. They have missed opportunities by neglect, crossed the sea, have a great personality, are complacent, have traveled to the underworld and to unknown lands, endured suffering to get help from the guide, mutinied, disappointed, killed the friends of gods and holy cow and slept inopportune.

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Abstract
Among the kings of Iran, Shah Abbas I, in Safavid period, is a prominent figure who is mentioned in popular tales. In the stories attributed to him, there are outstanding features that have attracted the attention of researchers due to their high frequency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the salient features contained in the stories of Shah Abbas I and to explain the origin of these features. The method of the present study was analytical-descriptive in terms of purpose and based on library studies in terms of data collection. Visiting the library and searching through reliable sources, the authors have collected all the available stories about Shah Abbas I and then analyzed their salient features and origins. Research findings show that these characteristics are either of historical origin or originated from the imagination of the creators of the stories. Some of these characteristics are specific to Shah Abbas and others are general characteristics of kings. Feelings of the unseen voice, professional dervishes, nightlife, simplicity, wisdom and shrewdness, interest in art, gossip, fulfilling desires, solving problems, marrying the poor and accepting humiliation are some of the characteristics of this king. On the other hand, power, justice and fairness, acceptance of judgment and justice, compassion and mercy, punishment of the oppressors and forgiveness (bestowal and forgiveness, and forgiving taxes) are common features for Shah Abbas and other kings. In this article, an attempt has been made to collect the salient features contained in the stories of Shah Abbas and to analyze them based on their origin. Accordingly, the reader realizes the hidden goals of these features and becomes acquainted with their creators.
Introduction
Research background
There are many studies and articles in the field of storytelling; however, no research or article was found on the stories of Shah Abbas except one written by Mohammad Hanif: An analysis of oral tales related to Shah Abbas Safavid. In this article, Mohammad Hanif focuses on the themes of Shah Abbas' stories and examines the common customs and interests of the Iranian people.
Most of the stories about Shah Abbas have been collected in the book of stories of Shah Abbas (Motadayyen, 2008), the book of national identity in the folk tales of the Safavid period (Hanif, 2015), and the culture of the legends of the Iranian people (Darvishian and Khandan, 2008). In other books, however, letters and stories about Shah Abbas can be found. These include: The Life of Shah Abbas I (Falsafi, 2012, Vol. 1 & 2), Legends of Lori (Rahmanian, 2000), Legends of Iran (Azar Afshar, 2005), Legends of Eshkor Bala (Eshkevari, 1973), Crystal Gardens of Khayal (Salehi, 1998), Legends and Beliefs Western Iran (Askari Alam, 2018), Local Stories of Isfahan (Farooqi, 1973), Stories of the Persian People (Faghiri, 2003), Legends of the Land of the Evergreen (Mirkazemi, 1995), Stories of the People (Vakilian, 2003). However, no focused study was found that examined the salient features of Shah Abbas's stories and the origins of these features.
Aims, questions, and assumptions
Among the stories about Shah Abbas, there are salient points and features that have been mentioned for various reasons. The purpose and necessity of analyzing these stories is to find the origin of these features and their reasons. This article seeks to answer the following questions: What is the origin of the attribution of Shah Abbas story? What are the most important features of Shah Abbas stories? Where do these features come from? Who are the creators of these characteristics and what was the purpose of noting these characteristics in the stories of Shah Abbas?
Discussion                                                                                                                                     
Shah Abbas is considered as a great hero in popular literature. Because of the effects of his valuable works, he has been quite significant in the lives of ordinary people for his bravery, politics, innate talent, and special ingenuity in managing the affairs of the country, providing valuable services to the people of Iran. He has a place in the heart of people. Accordingly, scholars consider him "a counterpart of organizing princes such as Dariush and Anoushirvan" (Safa, 1990, Vol. 5, p. 23). In addition, he was lucky, because his age coincided with the rise of storytelling. Thus, in his period, "an official dynasty of Sufists, called the Ajam dynasty, was formed with principled organizations and ceremonies for monitoring the work of storytellers" (Mahjoub, 2008, p. 134). The creator of Shah Abbas's stories has used two elements of reality and imagination. He used Shah Abbas's actions and behaviors in the stories and sometimes portrayed him beyond what he was. In the stories attributed to him, subtle points, words, and terms are found that play a pivotal role, and hide the lofty concepts behind them. In the hidden aspects of these features, the origin of Shah Abbas's stories can be examined from two perspectives: First, it seems that a number of these features have been introduced into the stories by the governmental apparatus. In these tales, the courtiers seek to convey the virtues of the kings of their time and compensate for their inability. Second, other categories of these features are embedded in stories by ordinary people. Since "folklore basically reflects the situation, thoughts, and aspirations of the deprived lower classes of the society" (Behrangi, 2010, p. 7), it seems that the share of ordinary and lower people in the emergence of popular stories is higher than the upper classes.
Conclusion
In the stories of Shah Abbas, he is very shrewd and wise; he solves problems and fulfills people's aspirations; by punishing the oppressors, he shows his support for the poor; he wears simple dervish clothes; he is a night owl; with an unseen voice, he becomes aware of its observance; he is just and forgiving; he marries the poor and allows ordinary people to speak easily in front of him; he is an artist and learns a certain profession like ordinary people. The stories attributed to Shah Abbas have two main sources: some of these stories were issued by the court. The creator of these stories targets the intelligence, power, politics, fairness, and justice of Shah Abbas and seeks to convey these goals. Another part of these stories was created by ordinary people during the time of Shah Abbas's successors to remind them of the peace and security of the past. In these stories, people indirectly advise the kings of the time and look for a savior to fulfill their vanished dreams. Mentioning the name of Shah Abbas, they obtained permission to publish the stories. In these tales, the oppressed people speak of a just king, the people who have never exceeded their class associate with the king and whose voices have never been heard, but the king realizes their financial weakness or problem with an unseen voice.
References
- Askari Alam, A. (2018). Myths and beliefs of western Iran (in Farsi)Tehran: Arvan.
- Azar Afshar, A. (2005). Legends of Iran (Azerbaijan) (in Farsi). Tehran: Milad.
- Behrangi, S Behrooz, D. (2010). Legends of Azerbaijan (in Farsi). Tehran: Negah.
- Darvishian, A. & Khandan, R. (2008). The culture of the legends of the Iranian people (in Farsi). Tehran: Books and Culture.
- Eshkevari, K. (1973). The legends of Eshkor above (in Farsi). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Arts.
- Faghiri, A. (2003). Stories of the Persian people (in Farsi). Shiraz: Navid Shiraz.
- Falsafi, N. (1347). Life of Shah Abbas I, Volume 1-2 (in Farsi). Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Farooqi, A. (1973). Local stories of Isfahan (in Farsi). Tehran: Foroughi.
- Mahjoub, M. (2008). Iranian folk literature (edited by Hassan Zolfaghari). Tehran: Cheshmeh.
- Mirkazemi, S. (1995). Legends of the land of Marigold (in Farsi). Tehran: Soroush.
- Motadayyen, M. (2008). Tales of Shah Abbas (Shah Abbas night tours) (in Farsi). Tehran: Rajabi.
- Rahmanian, D. (2000). Legends of Larry (in Farsi). Tehran: Markaz.
- Safa, Z (1990). History of Iranian literature (in Farsi). Tehran: Ferdows.
- Salehi, Kh. (1998). Imaginary crystal gardens (in Farsi). Tehran: Markaz.
- Vakilian, S. (2003). People's stories (in Farsi). Tehran: Markaz..
 

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Objective: In the present study, we examined the effects of memantine administration within the nucleus accumbens on the alterations in brain and adrenal volumes and weight ratios induced by stress from electric foot shock. Methods: A group of mice received various doses of memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) prior to induction of stress. Another group underwent intra-accumbal cannulation after anesthesia. One week later, memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1 µg/mouse) was injected within the nucleus accumbens prior to induction of stress. Subsequently all animals were killed. Their brains and adrenal glands were removed and fixed in 4% formalin. The volume and weight was determined by mercury immersion and method respectively. Results: The stress group showed evidence of reduction in  brain volume and weight ratio to volume, and weight of the adrenal gland. Memantine increased the ratio of the brain volume and weight to the volume and weight of the adrenal gland. Memantine administration within the nucleus accumbens also could alter this ratio. Hence, all three doses of memantine that were injected on the right side and bilateral to the nucleus inhibited the effects of stress. Conclusion: Inhibition of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens can inhibit the destructive effects of chronic stress on brain volume and weight. In addition, memantine can inhibit the influence of stress on adrenal volume and weight. We have shown that this effect was both dose and injection site dependent.  In this regard, the left side of the nucleus was weaker.

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In this study, the impact strength multi-layer slabs reinforced by steel and nylon fibers, as well as the combination of these two fibers under the influence high velocity projectile, was investigated. To achieve this goal, 30 slabs one layer and three layers with dimensions 40 *40 * 7.5 cm were reinforced by 1% of the fiber, 30 slabs made 10 different models , each with 3 models Sample was made. A non-fiber model, as a control sample, and other slabs all have a constant volume 1 percent fiber, the difference being in the type and composition the fibers in different layers the slabs. The slabs were made with Kalashnikov , PK Kalashnikov and Dragunov guns at a distance 50 meters tested. In the test the projectile's encounter, three parameters penetration depth, area the damaged front and rear area and the volume damaged area in the samples were calculated and compared. Based on the results obtained, steel fibers can increase the resistance concrete slabs against the impact the projectile and reduce the surface area and volume the damaged area and significantly reduce the penetration depth. Steel fibers at best reduced the penetration depth 64 % in the kalashinkov gun and reduced the area and volume the damaged area in the dragunov weapon by 88 % and 98 % respectively. Also, steel fibers can prevent crack expansion by increasing the bond strength, provided that the fibers the nylon have a much lower impact than steel fibers. the nylon fiber could reduce the penetration depth and demolition area the sample in kalashnikov weapon by 37 % and 59 %, respectively, and reduce the volume damaged area in the dragunov weapon by 84 %, respectively. In addition, in this research, 12 samples cubic pressure were placed on the side 10 cm, 12 cylindrical tensile samples 10 × 20 cm and 12 small flexion beams with dimensions 32 *8 *6 cm and tested. It was observed that steel and nylon fibers cannot have a significant effect on the compressive strength, As a result the addition one percent the steel fiber, nylon and a combination these, this increase is 7.7, 2.6 and 6.4 % , which can be neglected. but steel fibers can significantly increase the tensile and flexural strength the concrete. addition one percent the steel fiber could create a 2.5 – fold increase in tensile strengths and increase the resistance 2 - fold in bending specimens. This is the nylon fibers do not have a significant impact on the tensile and flexural strength. Adding one percent the nylon fibers in the tensile and flexural samples could increase the resistance these specimens by 16 % and 24 % respectively. It was observed in the bending test of beams that steel and nylon fibers can be bent by bending in the cracks to increase the shape the weld so that the change in the maximum area the beam with the addition one percent steel fiber from about 4 mm in the control sample increase to about 25 mm.

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Microwave radiation (MW) is an environmentally friendly technology and a physical method to enhance and modify the properties of flour. Dietary fiber-rich compounds in flour composition, such as date seed powder and wheat bran, can contribute to the health-promoting effects of the resulting flour and its derived products, such as bread. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of microwaves (750 watts for 120 seconds) on the combination of wheat bran and date seed powder (WB-DSP) and investigate the effects of its substitution on the physicochemical characteristics of wheat flour. To achieve this, wheat bran at various levels (3%, 6%, and 9%) and date seed powder (2%, 4%, and 6%) were combined (WB-DSP) and treated with microwave (WB-DSP_MW). These mixtures were then substituted with wheat flour in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The produced flour samples were assessed for their physicochemical properties, color parameters (L*, a*, b*), and overall color difference (ΔE) compared to wheat flour as the control sample. The results revealed that microwave treatment led to lower moisture content and higher levels of ash and protein in the combination of wheat bran and date seed powder. Flour samples containing WB-DSP_MW and WB-DSP showed higher water absorption capacity than the control sample (p < 0.05). Substituting WB-DSP combination with wheat flour significantly reduced L* and b* values and increased ΔE in flour samples compared to the control (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that microwave application and substitution of wheat bran-date seed powder mixture with wheat flour plays a significant role in altering the physicochemical properties of wheat flour. Furthermore, further research is necessary to examine changes in other properties, such as functional properties and nutritional value of the resulting flour.