---

 

---

Environmental factors mainly temperature are believed to determine the distribution and population dynamics of Fusarium species in a natural ecosystem. Species may be restricted in their distribution by adaptation to specific sets of soil environmental conditions. Population dynamics of five Fusarium species representative of different climatic conditions were studied at three levels of temperature (13-18 / 19-24 / 25-30°C) and constant water potential (field capacity). Temperature had a significant influence on the population level of all test Fusarium species. Fusarium sambucinum showed noticeable reduction of population at warm temperatures. The population of F. solani and F. compaction were higher at high temperatures. The population of cosmopolitan species, F. equiseli showed little change at all experimental conditions, Fusarium acuminalum did not compete well with other species in this experiment, its population being low at all treatments.

---

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Teachers are among those who are at risk for the MSDs due to their occupation. Education. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two education methods in reducing pain and functional disability in two groups of teachers.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study two questionnaires of VAS, to measure the pain severity, and the Oswestry Disability (ODI) questionnaire for measuring functional disability were distributed among the 175 teachers with LBP as pre-test. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: one control group with 35 participants and two experimental groups with 70 participants. One of the experimental groups received education by face-to-face lecturing and the other one with a tutorial CD. Eventually, 6 weeks after the intervention, post-test was conducted.
Results: The mean value for of pain and functional disability was not significantly reduced in the control group. But in both intervention groups, there was a significant decrease in pain and functional disability. The pain intensity in face-to-face education group decreased from 5.13 ± 1.54 to 3.79 ± 1.76 and in CD education group from 5.11 ± 1.57 to 2.63 ± 1.56, indicating that the most pain reduction was in the CD e education group. The mean of functional disability was reduced in face-to-face education groups (from 29.60 ± 10.97 to 20.74 ± 10.16 and in CD education group from 33.06 ± 13.04 to 19.43 ± 12.47.
Conclusion: CD education method was more effective than face to face education in reducing back pain. Education. Therefore, considering the low cost but high effectiveness of CD education methods, it is recommended that this method be used more for teachers' education.

---

Objectives: In recent years, the study of the concepts of resilience in different urban areas at different scales has attracted special attention, although the level and number of these studies are very small. Especially in the city of Tehran, which has entered the modern period from traditionl period ,the issue can be considered.
Methods: in the current research , first through library studies in the filed, items related to physical , environmental and social resilience in residential complexes were extracted.then, in these complexes, there are many modes of this type of resilience , which can be achieved by studying and classifying them to the degree of desirability of these complexes. the case study ,studied in this research is kOI No bonyad residential complex, because it is very popular despite the fact that it was built a long time ago .this research is done with interpretive method and in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis. questionnaire, which was distributed among the residents of this complex to measure the level of physical -environmental and social resilience.
finding: from the findings of this research , it can be seen tha ASP foundation complex(ASP towers)has high level of resilience despite its high construction year.
conclusion: with the investigation done, the patterns used in the complex, which caused its durability , popularity and high resilience , can be used in the design of modern residential complexes so that we can have lasting buildings.

---

---

The Iranian architecture is one of the richest local architectural samples in the world that its achievements are undeniable. Features such as civility, autonomy, avoidance of absurdity and … were used as main branches in the architecture of ancient monuments. With advent of Islam and its spread in Iran, Iranian architecture was combined with values derived from religious and created the Iranian-Islamic rich architecture principles. In the historical monuments of Iranian cities including Boroujerd, it can be seen the application of Iranian-Islamic rich architecture such as harmony with nature, security, identity and … in that period. After decade 1300 and by opening the doors of Iran to the world countries, the western architecture entered in Iran and it has prevailed in competition with Islamic-Iranian architecture and after that, the Iranian buildings were built with western principles. The architecture that was very different with Islamic-Iranian culture and perhaps it was in conflict with it that its prominent sample can be seen in the contemporary houses including Maskan Mehr, a program which has been in the government agenda in order to provide house for low-income people.
In the last half-century, inter-family distinction has increased dramatically and its internal congruence has changed. in other hand, Urban growth and increasing middle class has increased External similarities in families. the terms as such as "middle class", "low-income group" etc are signs of "same view" viewpoint. In the West the family is known as an entity through which Most legitimate emotional and sexual relationship and wealth transfer are possible and includes parents and one or two children. Parents often work together and come home in the evenings and home is becoming dormitories. But in Iran, Families in both quality and quantity terms is more varied and multiple. Presence of children over 20 years old and relatives(Grandfather, grandmother and . . .) in a iranian home has very high possible.
Art and culture of this zone combined with new factors. Principles, customs, Religious Ceremonies, spirits, ethical, thoughts, and ideas of generations and other human features are presenting not only in massive buildings but in Small buildings, and is such entwined with the essence of existence Iranian architecture that its effect can be traced in all past Architectural monuments.
Islamic-Iranian Architecture has a bilateral relationship with nature, Such a way In all architectural monuments of the cities a summary of the nature is created. in the Islamic-Iranian city, Buildings have a central courtyard where residents have the opportunity to see the sky, stars and sun and inside it there are also waterfront and plants. So, the small-scale relationship with nature in house and in closest state is created. materials used in Building Construction include natural material and specially Soil which has not The destructive effects on natural environment and When Building is destroyed this materials are Recyclable and reusable. In addition, The orientation of these buildings is in a way which it best utilization natural factors (Sunshine, Winds, precipitations) is possible. While in some parts due to the needs by creating elements such as Windward and areas such as Bedchamber and Shvadan convert possible Natural threats into opportunities. also The use water resources is doing So that do not cause Pollution of it and maximum exploitation from this resource can be possible.
it must be said , unfortunately , Islamic architecture in iran has distanced from its Islamic and indigenous form , and created overt and covert problems , including loss of natural light location , impose many restriction . Koran's emphasis is on the home location and this residence before its physical concept have metaphysical meaning and means a dwelling and calm spirit , and it requires that templates of forms of housing in Islamic community will be realizes based on this meaning. therefore in this model , architectural pattern is prior to the mold and idea oriented . on the other hand , spirit shapes in the form and templates.
Examining the trend of change housing at different time telling the story of transformation of this space . housing pattern used prior to 1300 is very different with current pattern . home in its Iranian and also Islamic sense. House in its Iranian view is a completely enclosed space that constructed based on minorities and cultural condition of its time and use all places and circumstances in the best way. In this type of housing , there is comfort along with psychological , visual and audio security , and its residents have been living in the appropriate environment.
After 1300s , architecture of iran following West was changed that was in conflict in all areas . this contemporary home conflict is obvious . examining the Maskan Mehr in Borojerd showed this conflict better . studies show that Maskan Mehr in Borojerd have not bean constructed according to Iranian – Islamic model none of Iranian – Islamic architectural principle do not have been observed , so that with following West architecture and culture , Iranian values have been ignored and houses have been constructed similar to west's houses. In this respect the privacy( visual , audio, security) of the home have not been observed. If door is opened , you can see the interior of the house . house spaces in these houses is include closed space that most of its parts are scrambled , and person should define this space . space in these house is worth by objects not by elements such as walls . floors and ceilings.
The purpose of this study is to present an Islamic-Iranian model in the Maskan Mehr and The methodology of this thesis is descriptive-analytical that some part of its data were collected as library method and the other part is provided via field visit and completing questionnaire.
The results indicate that the Maskan Mehr in the light of architecture, based on observations and experts, features of Islamic-Iranian architecture can't be seen in that and the application of western architecture is evident inside the building and also its façade.

---

Urban historic areas as a living witness of the history of the past and the main factor in collective identity are dealing with dialectic conflict of "development" and "conservation" that leads to different types of conflicts especially secondary ones. Confrontation of conservation and contemporary needs of the residents is one of the challenging issues. So, this paper tries to analyze conflicts toward planning of urban historic in order to define a new conceptual framework for achieving conflict management-driven urban contemporization.
This study has been done based upon qualitative paradigm and the required data have been collected by using snowball sampling, document analysis and in-depth interviews. Analyzing conflict toward planning of urban historic areas has been done based upon grounded theory and bridging conflict management and urban contemporization done based on logical argumentation.
Findings show that the weakness of conservation planning and management system of the historic areas and the inefficiency of planning and management system of development in such areas at decision-making level are the main factors in the confrontation of development and conservation that lead to the emergence of secondary conflicts at operational level. In case of conflict management, it will be possible to combine two concepts of conflict management and urban contemporization.
Managing conflict between development and conservation can be resulted in achieving conservation-led integrative development as a factor of urban contemporization. Therefore, protecting heritage values along with supplying modern needs of residents can be achievable.
 

---

Aims: Foresight is a knowledge, art, accepting the uncertainty of the future and considering the possibility of the occurrence of various states of the future instead of a specific future. foresight is one of the new technologies in the field of contemporary urban planning. In this study, researchers seek to identify the components of humanistic urban planning and promote participatory urban planning based on scenario writing and futurism
Methods: The main research method is based on the use of the Delphi technique and screenwriting. In the first community, elites, experts, and managers are the three main stakeholders. In the second community, citizens who live in 5 districts of Tehran are the main beneficiary group.
Findings: Based on the results, the first scenarios in the areas of intelligence, participation, transparency, various transportation options, revenue generation, neighborhood orientation, and justice show the best and the sixth scenario and to some extent, the fifth scenario shows the worst possible scenarios.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the development of electronic services and businesses in domestic and foreign platforms, putting people at the head of programs in order to create partnerships, increasing income through sustainable methods in order to generate income, consolidating and developing the position of localities in the matter Participation, increasing the share of access to all non-automotive modes, transparency in all matters of organizational offices and establishing justice in the distribution of services are at the top of importance.

---

With regard to the increase of competitive atmosphere and companies' endeavors to capture more segments of the market, the necessity of codifying new models to apply competitive strategies, seems more momentous than before. Accordingly, with due respect to cost management, both attracting customers' satisfaction and maintaining profit margin of the manufacturers look to be highly essential. The present research was carried out to design an appropriate model for the organizational change strategy in the cost management of Iran Khodro Company's Supply Chain. The research looks into the elements influencing the cost management, i.e. behavioral and structural factors as well as competitors and technology through the community, via conducting extensive studies on the change known models and identifying the effective elements in creating change in the cost management with regard to organizational behavior approach. Hence, a conceptual Model was demonstrated in terms of the relations between the four major aspects influencing the cost management and ten variables creating such aspects as well. In relation to the behavioral aspect, the influencing elements were studied at three behavioral levels, namely individual, group and organization levels. In relation to the competitors, the effects of being a single source and the structure of companies' costs, and in relation to technology , the effects of productionand information technologies were assayed. In relation to the structure, the effects of complexity, formality and concentration on the change strategy of Cost management were observed. The questionnaires distributed were then collected from 41 A-grade manufacturers in the Parts Supply Chain of Iran Khodro Company. The results showed that among the introduced elements in the conceptual model, the effect of competitors on cost management was not affirmed. Besides, the study on the suppliers' behaviors showed that it influences the strategies of cost change management only at organization level. The effect of organizational structure on cost management was confirmed based on the complexity of the elements only. Therefore, we can come to the conclusion that elements of formality and concentration have no or have an insignificant effect on the proposed model. However, the fundamental result of the research confirmed the relation between technology and cost management within the two areas of production and information technologies.

---

Alpha-synuclein protein (α-syn) is the main factor known in Parkinson's disease. The expression of this protein has challenges. One of these challenges is the presence of protein in bacterial pellet. Studies have shown that the expression of proteins with tags such as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) increases the expression in the soluble phase, therefore the expression of α-syn with this sequence was investigated to increase the protein in the soluble phase. It has also been shown in studies that SUMOylation has an inhibitory effect on fibrillation, also in this study the effect of the SUMO on alpha-synuclein fibrillation was investigated. The α-syn gene was cloned with SUMO-tag. Nickel sepharose column was used to purify the protein, and dialysis was performed and fibrillation was checked by fluorescence emission of Thioflavin for 72 hours and was observed that the protein with SUMO sequence has a higher expression level, and 95% of the protein is in the soluble phase. On the other hand, it was shown that the SUMO sequence has an inhibitory effect on the process of amyloid fibril formation. The results obtained from previous studies showed that the binding of the SUMO sequence increases the expression and solubility of recombinant proteins. This study revealed that the presence of this sequence contributed to the protein expression level and the protein's presence in the solution phase. On the other hand, observations showed that this sequence has anti-fibrillation properties for proteins with amyloid properties, and in this study showed that SUMO prevents α-syn aggregation.
 

---

The Symphony of the Dead (1989) is the most famous work of Abbas Maroufi and one of the most prominent novels of the sixties. The existence of some elements of modernity, including the narrative of the stream of consciousness, the multiple and sometimes innovative points of view, the circularity of the narrative, and the benefit of a symphonic structure, has made it a modern novel.   Some of these elements have made a correct and clear understanding of the themes belying the novel very difficult. In addition, the fragmentary structure and plurality of points of view make the text from a reader's perspective incoherent and discontinuous. The present article, drawing upon the Conceptual Structure Theory, aims to explore metaphorical systems dominant in the text and reveal the most prominent themes of the novel which have contributed to the subtlity of the text making it a unified coherent whole. To do so, the instances of the three types of metaphor used within the text, that is, 'directional', 'ontological', and 'structural' metaphors each of which is used to develop a central theme within the text are studied.
Results indicated that based on these three types of metaphor, the writer expresses his own worldview and mentality through the three main mappings, that is, "power is above/weakness is below", "man is animal", and "life is war". Such image schemas reflect the writer's own dominant system of thought which is imperceptibly spread throughout the text bringing about a text with a coherent content.

---

Archaeology is growing science that continues to discover the material remains of man; hence, it is the best evidence to understand human relations that too shows close co-operation between the neighboring countries, especially Iran and India (present Pakistan). Right from Bronze Age when man started building a better social organization, archaeology presents positive evidences for economic and technological cooperation to boost their living standards. In the case of Indian Sub-continent, the earlier rural evidences from Kili Gul Muhammad (Kili=Urdu word, stands for "Fort") , Zhob and Loralai valleys of Baluchistan show a continuous growth pattern until they reach to mature stage of Indus Archaeology is growing science that continues to discover the material remains of man; hence, it is the best evidence to understand human relations that too shows close co-operation between the neighboring countries, especially Iran and India (present Pakistan). Right from Bronze Age when man started building a better social organization, archaeology presents positive evidences for economic and technological cooperation to boost their living standards. In the case of Indian Sub-continent, the earlier rural evidences from Kili Gul Muhammad (Kili=Urdu word, stands for "Fort") , Zhob and Loralai valleys of Baluchistan show a continuous growth pattern until they reach to mature stage of Indus Civilization that presented by the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. It seems that such urban pattern could not develop without its deep contact with the Bronze Age Culture of Iran, as evidenced from the excavations of Bampur, Tepe Yahya, Tepe Sialk and Tepe Hissar. Hence, according to archaeological evidence, one can say the people of Iranian Plateau and those of its extension into Baluchistan and even in Sindh maintained a close trade and commercial relationship. In the beginning of the 4thMillennium B.C., trade spread simultaneously with the art of pottery and the human effort for having agricultural products, and commerce started between the Western and Eastern world. Barley and wheat from Iran were exported to Egypt and Europe, and millet from India was exported to the West via Iran. Plenty of seals and identical ornaments found in Iran and throughout the vast Indus Basin and the areas of Mesopotamia and Central Asia are evidences of the simultaneous expansion of trade in the Great Iranian Plateau. This article tries to discuss and prove that the gradual progress in this vast basin, especially in ancient sites of Iran and Western India could be possible through road links, such as Silk Road, and it strengthens the claim and leads to the point that this link has been solely through growing trade and commerce. The next point, it will express that this trade not only was responsible for the emergence of the stimuli for the development of simple and original settlement in a section of the proposed area but also developed cultural relations especially in the patterns of urbanization, architecture and arts which is highlighted in two ancient cities, Shahr-i Sokhta in Sistan (Iran) and Mohenjo-daro in Sindh (Pakistan), in 3rd Millennium B.C.

---

With increasing amount of pollution by thermal power plants in Industrial and developing countries, tend to use small-sized hydroelectric plants increased. In complex terrain regions there are usually a significant height difference between refineries and using place, the pressure can to produce electricity by power plants pressure reducer. The power plant is due to the relatively high initial cost less were used. Gradually, with the possibility of using pump as turbine and reducing the cost of building a micro power plant use the plant was expanded. Therefore, in this study centrifugal pump by CFturbo software was designed and for Numerical analysis of the three-dimensional fluid, the simulation was performed using the CFX software on SST k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results were compared with experimental in pump and turbine modes and showed good agreement. In order to increase the efficiency of the turbine pump (reverse pump), the decrease in the diameter of the impeller blades at different flow rates was investigated, which resulted was decrease in the amount of separation phenomenon around blades and causing increase in hydraulic quantities nearby the turbine bep point, but reducing the diameter at the flow rates very lower from bep point, didn’t have great impact at improvement of efficiency, at the bep point reducing the diameter, caused to increase 11.86 and 13.65 percent of the head and torque, and improved efficiency 1.26 percent.

---

^{The human hand is one of the most complex organs of the human body, capable of performing skilled tasks. Manipulation, especially grasping is a critical ability for robots. However, grasping objects by a robot hand is a challenging issue. Many researchers have used deep learning and computer vision methods to solve this problem. This paper presents a humanoid 5-degree-of-freedom robot hand for grasping objects. The robotic hand is made using a 3D printer and 5 servo motors are used to move the fingers. In order to simplify the robotic hand, a tendon-based transmission system was chosen that allows the robot's fingers to flexion and extension. The purpose of this article is to use deep learning algorithm to grasping different objects semi-automatically. In this regard, a convolutional neural network structure is trained with more than 600 images. These images were collected by a camera mounted on the robot's hand. Then, the performance of this algorithm is tested on different objects in similar conditions. Finally, the robot hand is able of successfully grasping with 85% accuracy.}
 

---