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Bahaar-e-Daanesh is one of the folk and ancient Indian legends in Persian language with the theme of love,written by Inaayatullaah Kanabweh Laahoori(died 1088 AH)who authored it in the year(1061 AH)under the name of Shah Jahaan Gurkaani. This book is part of fiction literature, that is,the intersection of folk and literary stories and in the Indian storytelling style, a story within a story. Its main and long story is fictional and its theme is the love of "Bahre-Varbaanu and Jahaandaarshaah" and the theme of the main story and its main sub-stories are stories about women's tricks. In the spring of knowledge, themes such as shape-shifting, spells, magic, incarnation in a shape-shifting state, awareness of the science of dismembering the body,and the transfer of the soul from one body to another can be seen throughout the stories. In addition, the presence and conquest of Divan and ghouls,talking with magical animals, using the magic in the elements of nature,etc. are present in all the stories. In this article, the functions of magic and its helpers,objects and tools of magic and the ways of using them, magical trips and places and surreal beings,ways to achieve magic factors and nullifiers. Magic and talismans in the stories of Bahaar-e-Daanesh have been examined and analyzed to emphasize the importance of studying,knowing and preserving the cultural and social background of folk tales,which is the most important platform for the presence and manifestation of mythological and ancient themes among the masses. It is the people - to be emphasized.

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One of the noticeable of the presence of women in folklore literature stories and formal literature stories, specially in love stories which almost illustrates positive and awe_ inspiring visage of elderly women is the character of DAYA (wet nurse). DAYA who her fundamental function is lactating and nurturing adopted infants in their childhood, sometimes in stories perform even more mothers for challenging situations in their adolescence. In addition to this, sometimes DAYA appearance as leaders or someone who aids the main characters of the stories by their experience of resolving problems. Some of the most important performances of DAYA in stories include: the intervention between lover and beloved, aiding the lover and beloved in their alliance, courage and helping warriors and AYYARAN, socio-political activities and saving adopted children’s life. On the other hand, sometimes we face procurer who perform noticeable roles in misogyny stories and demonstrate the negative visage of women, versus the positive character of wet nurses particularly in formal stories. In this research we will verify the roles and activities of wet nurses in some book namely: Samak-e Ayyar‚ Darab Name‚ Firuz-Shah Name, Jami ul-Hikayat; Sindbad Name‚ Tuti Name. . the main purpose of this research is illuminating one of the aspect of women’s characteristics in folklore literature and its reflection on literary letter which is culturally important.

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Firefly luciferase is a light generating enzyme, which is used in different fields of biotechnology and molecular biology. Luciferase has found widespread applications in many areas of genetic analysis such as detecting gene expression, reporter gene assay and proteomics studies such as protein-protein interactions. Despite many advantages, there are some limitations in luciferase-based systems, the most important of which is its low stability. One of the newly developed methods to solve this problem is to take advantage of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES). One group of DESs is those that composed of organic salts with hydrogen donor, due to which, intermolecular hydrogen bonds cause lower melting point in comparison with each of the component. In this study, we investigated the effects of DES on kinetic properties of wild type and I232R - E354R/Arg356 mutant Lampyris turkestanicus luciferases. For this, both enzymes, wild type and mutant, expressed in BL21, the protein of interest purified through affinity chromatography and used for kinetic studies. Here, we used choline chloride: glycerol as DES. According to the results, the wild type luciferase is much more thermostable in DES than I232R - E354R/Arg356 mutant. Furthermore, the remaining activity of both wild type and mutant luciferases are greater in the presence of DES than those in the absence of DES.

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The concept of determinism has been studied in Hafiz poetry by many scholars. Some considered determinism, like many other concepts, as a means for literary creation, some viewed it as a justification for astute utterances, while others regarded it as the outcome of Hafiz’ own deterministic views. Though the first two accounts seem accurate, the third one seems imprecise. His literary creation style and worldview, indicative of his free will and open-mindedness, which was manifested in his poems, coupled with the inherent paradox between determinism and reformism, makes it hard to presuppose a relation between determinism and Hafiz’ worldview.
By employing an academic and methodological approach, while recognizing different interpretations, one can gain an understanding, which is closely related to Hafiz’ worldview, of deterministic propositions in his poetry. Following this approach, one should refrain from forming arguments on the basis of single verses. Therefore, the current paper has attempted to analyze deterministic propositions in Hafiz poems by applying Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe theory. Moreover, based on CDA’s presuppositions, language plays a major role in forming understandings and its means is not always clear. Hence, the paper was aimed at indicating that Hafiz’ use of deterministic propositions can be interpreted not as an indication of his worldview but as a method and medium to expand the discourse of astuteness and, at the same time, to undermine the hegemony of ascetic discourse, which had dominated the cultural atmosphere of Iran for centuries.
 

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Time preference and intertemporal behavior are of basic importance in theoretical and applied studies of decision-making and economic analysis. Present-bias induces individuals to postpone their savings and makes the saving level less than its optimal level. This article studies the present-biased and time preferences in intertemporal consumption-saving behavior among selected students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. It examines the effect of interest rate on intertemporal decision-making and tests the impacts of individual factors such as past experiences, gender and consumption expenditure on present-bias. Hence, after reviewing the theoretical basics, the parameters of individual present-biased and time preferences have been estimated by “multiple price list” and “convex time budget” methods. In this experiment, participants were faced with different decision-making situations along with changes in interest rates. The results of experiment show that participants are generally present-biased in their intertemporal behavior. In addition, individuals exhibit more present bias in “multiple price list” method than “convex time budget” method.  While interest rate is an influential factor in intertemporal decision-making, but the intertemporal behavior of students is influenced by their past experiences. There is no significant relationship between gender and present bias. Furthermore, consumption expenditure was independent of present bias.

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The aqueous solution of xanthan gum has high viscosity and pseudoplastic behavior. This research aimed to analyze the effect of microwave pretreatment at different time intervals (0, 1, 2, and 3 min) on the viscosity and rheological behavior of xanthan gum solution. The results showed that the apparent viscosity of xanthan gum solution (untreated solution) reduced from 0.177 Pa.s to 0.036 Pa.s with increasing shear-rate from 12.2 s^-1 to 171.2 s^-1. Also, the apparent viscosity of xanthan gum solution reduced from 0.070 Pa.s to 0.046 Pa.s with increasing the microwave pretreatment time from 0 to 3 min (shear-rate=61.2 s^-1). The flow behavior of all samples was successfully modeled with Power law, Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, and Casson models, and the Herschel-Bulkley model was selected as the better model to describe the flow behavior of xanthan gum solutions. The Herschel-Bulkley model had an acceptable performance with the maximum correlation coefficient (r) (higher than 0.9032) and the minimum sum of squared error (SSE) (lower than 0.7165) and root mean square error (RMSE) (lower than 0.2552). The yield stress and consistency coefficient (Herschel-Bulkley model) of xanthan gum solution increased from 0.095 Pa to 0.450 Pa, and from 0.659 Pa.sⁿ to 0.811 Pa.sⁿ, with increasing microwave pretreatment time from 0 to 3 min, respectively. The flow behavior index (Herschel-Bulkley model) of xanthan gum solutions decreased from 0.440 to 0.328 while the duration of microwave treatment increased.