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Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium, the second most common bacteria in the intestine and the main indicator of urban water pollution, is the most common cause of urinary tract infection and also is one of the main factors in food poisoning and diarrhea. Drug resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics is a global challenge. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and other gene transfer pathways which is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, gene function. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli can be transferred to another species of bacteria through HGT mechanisms. Today, Bioinformatics methods have been used to understand of gene transfer from HGT mechanism. In this study, we used bioinformatics tools such as PredictBias, ACLAME, Mobil Genetic Elements (MGEs) PAI-ID, and Alien_Hunter in order to genes analysis that related from antibiotic resistance in E. coli. Bioinformatics and MIC assays result show that from 26 to 30 genes have been identified in all safthwers. Most of genes that identified show over 50 percent of GC content. put P gene with 178, blaCMY with 62, BlaTEM with 43, and aac-6 with 66 homology in the PredictBias website identified. Also in the ACLAME website, mob (A-C) and rep (A-C) gene family are highest number of horizontal gene transfer from infection bacteria strain. Those cluster genes are the highest resistant of laboratory tests which carries resistant genes such as  blaSHV and blaCHV on the blaCMY plasmid.       

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Second/foreign language classroom interaction is believed to have its own idiosyncrasies and peculiarities. Many studies have focused on the importance of turn-taking systems for students to gain and hold the floor. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies has explored teachers’ turn-allocation strategies in their instructional interactions. Motivated by this gap, through the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), the present study attempted to investigate the frequently employed turn-allocation strategies that Iranian EFL teachers use in their classroom interactions with their students. To this end, a corpus of nine hours of English instruction was video-recorded and analyzed through Sacks et al.’s (1974) model of turn-allocation. The results of in-depth qualitative analysis indicated that Iranian EFL teachers used multiple resources to allocate the turn to their students. More specifically, it was found that Iranian teachers generally allocate turns to their students through directing their gaze towards them as well as nominating them by their names. Moreover, the teachers, in this study, used non-verbal strategies of head nods and pointing gestures to nominate the next speaker to take the turn. The study ends with some implications for the EFL teachers in that they can manage their turn-allocation techniques more efficiently in their instructional interactions.

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Learning-oriented assessment (LOA) has recently gained increasing attention among language researchers. It has been found momentous for both teaching and learning. However, its practical domain has remained under-researched and the current literature has mostly focused on its practicality. Nevertheless, the role of teachers’ assessment strategies in the implementation and success of LOA has been overlooked, to date. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on how English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers capture moments of spontaneous LOA. To fill these gaps, the present case study explored an Iranian EFL teacher’s questioning strategies as an aspect of spontaneous LOA. Utilizing Conversation Analysis (CA) and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this study attempted to uncover the instances of LOA practice represented through questioning strategies during classroom interactions at a basic level. The findings revealed that two types of questioning strategies, namely metacognitive questions and designedly incomplete utterances (DIU), occurred when the teacher extended the main assessment task to focus on the earlier learning goals. In so doing, the teacher sought evidence of student learning status already elicited to take the next step. The study has insightful implications for EFL teachers and trainers concerning metacognitive questions and DIU as useful tools to practice LOA in L2 education.

 

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   the authors of this article have tried to Content analysis (analytical-descriptive approach) and with a critical approach, to carefully examine Khaghani's poetic capacities from the perspective of political rhetoric and with emphasis on soft power theory (as the second aspect of power versus hard power) and from This will explain the role and function of culture and language in the field of power equations. Accordingly, Khaghani's clever use of some rhetorical techniques and methods, such as "message massage", "tagging", "humor", "symbolic violence", "exaggeration and exaggeration", "removal", "repetition and Emphasis, as much as it is on the more difficult and perhaps more powerful aspect of power, reveals its function in interacting with the institution of power
 

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Objective: Recently, phage display libraries have received enormous attention for identification and isolation of pharmaceutical molecules with diagnostic and therapeutic properties. Peptide libraries are known as one of the most important and widely used types of phage display libraries. In the current study, we aimed to screen the Ph.D.^TM-7 phage display peptide library through biopanning for the identification of human colon adenocarcinoma-binding peptide ligands. Methods: Three rounds of biopanning were performed on SW480 as the target cell and fibroblast (HF-SF-PI3), AGS, KYSE-30 and Huh-7 as control cells. The displayed peptide-encoding regions in the genome of SW480-binding phages obtained from the final round of panning were amplified by plaque-PCR and subsequently sequenced. Bioinformatic tools were used to determine the sequence of target cell-binding peptides and further characterization of these peptides. Results: Biopanning of the phage library led to the enrichment of several peptides among which the peptide with “HAMRAQP” was the most dominant. Bioinformatic analysis of the isolated peptides indicated that they are not target unrelated peptides (TUP). Conclusion: The peptides, in particular those with the highest frequency, due to having the capability of specific binding to SW480 cells represent the potential for use in targeting of therapeutic genes and drugs to colon cancer cells.

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Objective: Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer-associated death in men. In recent years, targeted therapy for cancer has attracted the attention of researchers. Targeted therapy leads to a decrease in drug adverse effects. Studies indicate that targeting peptides for cancer cells represent valuable tools for diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, phage display peptide libraries have been used to identify target peptides to a variety of cancer cells. In the current study, we aim to isolate peptides that target PC3 cells (human prostate adenocarcinoma cells). Methods: Four rounds of subtractive panning on control cells that included 5637 (bladder), Huh-7 (liver), SW480 (colon), AGS (stomach) and human fibroblast normal in addition to four rounds of positive panning on PC3 (target cell) were performed. Polyclonal phage ELISA was used to evaluate the process of enrichment during biopanning. Subsequently, phage clones were randomly selected from titer plates, amplified by plaque-PCR, and their genomic DNA was sequenced. We conducted bioinformatic analysis for further characterization of the isolated peptides. Results: Several rounds of panning resulted in the enrichment of a number of peptides. The results of polyclonal phage ELISA indicated that the biopanning process was successful. In silico analysis showed the presence of several consensus amino acid motifs in the peptides. Conclusion: The peptides identified through biopanning can be considered as potential specific binders to PC3 cells. Peptides with specificity binding to target cells can be used for targeted gene and drug delivery to malignant tumor cells. Further analyses of these peptides are required to show their capacity for targeted delivery of various genes and drugs into prostate cancer cells.