---

Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological rules. This paper addresses total nasal place and manner assimilation, known as “idgham”, that lead to “gemination with nasalization” and “gemination without nasalization”. The former which is accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where the /n/ in the coda position precedes one of the four sonorants /j/, /m/, /w/, and /n/ in the onset position of the following syllable. However, the latter which is not accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where /n/ in the coda position precedes either of the sonorant liquids /r/ or /l/ in the onset position of the following syllable. The present research aimed at identifying the constraints whose interactions cause either of these processes in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). The results of this paper are as follows: The [+long] geminated [n:.n] is the result of gemination of /n/ in the coda position with /n/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [m:.m] is the result of total nasal place assimilation of /n/ in the coda position with /m/ in the onset position. The [-long] geminated [r.r] and [l.l] are the result of total manner assimilation of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /r/ and /l/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [j:.j] and [w:.w] are the result of both total nasal place and manner assimilations of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /j/ and /w/ in the onset position.
 

---

Rural handwoven carpet weavers, particularly in the context of handmade silk carpet production, grapple with significant challenges concerning recognizing all stakeholders and establishing timely connections. These challenges have a substantial impact on the adoption of innovation in carpet production and the overall enhancement of productivity. This research was conducted to scrutinize the communication network of carpet weavers within the Knowledge and Innovation System (KIS) of handmade silk carpet production in rural areas. Data were gathered through interviews with 270 rural households in Zanjan province, specifically in the Tarom, Khodabandeh, and Zanjan counties, utilizing a structured questionnaire. Social Network Analysis (SNA) in UCINET was employed to examine the interactions among these actors, and graphical representations were created using Net Draw. The results revealed that the network's density varied across different levels, showing weakness in some cases, moderate strength in others, and strong connections in select instances. The connections of carpet weaving families with other actors within the KIS were predominantly localized. Among these families, those utilizing the home-based wage production method exhibited the most extensive interactions. The individuals designated as "FMs" (likely referring to family members) and "WNVKRs" (possibly local experts) demonstrated the highest degree of connection and influence within the network of weavers' interactions
 

---

Education and research are fundamental pillars of educational systems, including agricultural higher education institutions. However, an inadequate balance between these components can lead to a deviation from the primary goals of these institutions. This study aimed to conduct a pathological analysis of the equilibrium between education and research in the higher education system of agriculture in Iran. “Three-pronged pathology model” was utilized, comprising components of “context” (including knowledge, moral, individual-psychological, satisfaction, and the thematic nature), “behavior” (including planning, coordination, control, and monitoring), and “structure” (including demonstrative, diversity, consequence, and political). This quantitative study is applied in purpose, non-experimental in design, retrospective in timing, survey-based in data collection, and descriptive-causal comparative in data analysis. The data collection instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire, with face and content validity confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha for each variable (0.704 ≤ α ≤ 0.902). The statistical population comprised faculty members from agricultural departments of public universities in Iran (N=3335), with a sample of 307 selected. Results indicated a tendency among faculty members towards research activities. The greatest gap and imbalance between education and research were observed in the areas of context, followed by structure and behavior. This indicates that the existing context and structure push faculty members towards research activities for their sustainability and advancement in the agricultural higher education system. This poses a serious issue that must be addressed by policymakers and decision-makers.
 

---

Beauveria spp. as entomopathogenic fungi have extremely diverse insect host ranges.Here, a comparative transcript analysis of a Bassiasin I (BSNI), a Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), a Cytochrom P450 monooxygenase (CYP52), a Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and a Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS) in two isolates of Beauveria bassiana., with low and high virulence, were carried out. For this, induction media, containing isolated cuticles from four insects, and a check medium lacking any cuticular extract were prepared and isolates were allowed to grow on them. Interestingly, up-regulation of BSNI and DPP in induction media was noted in comparison to the check, following normalization with γ-ACTIN. CYP52 was up-regulated in synthetic medium in comparison to cuticular extract. MAPK expression was greater in most virulent isolate once compared with the low virulent isolate. The expression of MAPK was greater in the presence of Caliptamus italicus cuticles and synthetic medium as opposed to others. NCS expression remained on changed in all media tested and can be suggested as a reference gene in transcriptomics of Beauveria spp. genes in future.  

---

---

Background: Many parasitic diseases cause parasitic complications in humans, in addition to causing significant damage to the livestock industry. This study intended to determine the prevalence pattern of some parasitic infections observed in livestock slaughtered in Kermanshah province.
Methods: Data were obtained through the examination of livestock carcasses in Kermanshah province during 2013-2017 (4367 cows, 29809 sheep, and 8995  goats) and further evaluated descriptively-analytically.
Findings: The highest prevalence rate of a parasitic disease referred to as hepatic hydatid was observed in cows with 166 cases (3.8%), followed by goats with 116 cases (1.28%), and sheep with 320 cases (1.07%), while the highest prevalence rate of Hydatid cyst was observed in cows with 252 cases (5.77%), followed by goats with 304 cases (3.37%), and sheep with 708 cases (2.37%), respectively. Fasciola infection was recognized in 115 cases of cows (2.63%), followed by 37 cases (0.41%) of goats, and 73 cases (0.24%) of sheep, and the disparity between the rates was deemed significant. In terms of the prevalence rate of Dicrocoelium infection, a considerable disparity was observed between cows with 85 cases (1.94%) and sheep with 464 cases (1.55%), while 247 cases (2.74%) were recognized in goats.
Conclusion: Moreover, a significant disparity was observed in the seasonal prevalence of infections between different livestock breeds. Ultimately, the results of this study provided essential information for the implementation of developmental and prevention programs in the monitored area.

---

Background: Cryptosporidium is one of the most important pathogenic parasites in poultry because it is a zoonotic parasite, and birds and other infected animals could be a potential threat to public health. The main purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection in domestic fowl in Shahrekord by PCR method.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 fecal samples were collected from fowls referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch. After DNA extraction, the samples were examined by PCR, and the frequency of infection in different genders and seasons was analyzed by SPSS statistical software.
Findings: Out of 110 samples, 15 (13.64%) samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. The rate of Cryptosporidium infection in the females was 12.85% and in the males was 15%. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two sexes (male and female) regarding the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, while the frequency of infection in cold seasons (22.22%) was significantly higher than in warm seasons (7.69%).
Conclusion: Fowls could be considered as one of the important reservoirs of Cryptosporidium infection for humans.

---

Background: This study was designed to investigate the frequency and tissue distribution of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in turkeys with respiratory syndrome in Isfahan province.
Materials & Methods: Totally, samples were taken from the trachea, lung, air sac, infraorbital sinus, hock joint, blood of heart, brain, liver, spleen, intestine, and kidney of 30 turkey flocks. After DNA extraction, a 787 bp fragment of 16S rRNA gene of ORT was amplified.
Findings: The PCR results revealed that 53% of turkeys were infected by ORT. The results showed that although ORT was mainly found in the respiratory tract, it could be systemic and infect some other organs, including the joints, brain, liver, spleen, and blood of heart, but could not infect the intestines and kidneys.
Conclusion: Due to the lack of a clear pattern in tissue distribution of ORT among clinical samples, it seems that other factors play a role in ORT tissue distribution, such as dose, route, type of infection, and probably prevalent serotype.

---

This study examines Iranian agricultural researchers’ attitudes regarding collaboration with extension workers and the variables associated with the researchers’ attitudes. Data were obtained using a questionnaire developed by Agricultural Research Centers of Charmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan, Safiabad and Khuzestan in 1998. The findings re-vealed that the researchers’ attitudes towards collaboration with the extension workers were generally positive although actual collaboration between researchers and the exten-sion workers was at a low level. Therefore, it seems that lack of an overall strong relation-ship of attitudes with current behavior as well as weak collaboration is related to other factors that need to be studied more, for example management of participation or internal factors in each sub-system of extension or research etc. identified that The following fac-tors/characteristics of agricultural researchers were identified as having a positive corre-lation/association with their attitude towards collaborating with extension workers: higher research experience, greater interaction with extension workers, a lower scientific position or possessing a higher management position, greater participation in seminars and colloquiums related to extension, and the influence/thinking of colleagues and man-agers.

---

Customers’ purchase behavior is one of the main criteria and critical success factors of e-commerce and online businesses which is similar to traditional businesses with some differences. Therefore, this study tries to reach a model for analyzing the online re-purchasing intention in B2C transactions. This research has been done in the framework of interpretive philosophical paradigm, with inductive approach, in qualitative method and the theme analysis technique using interviewing tools. Accordingly, an interview was conducted with 36 people including 6 e-commerce experts, 13 brokers in Internet business and 17 re-purchasing customers. After coding the interviews, 120 codes were reached at the first stage and final codes had been retrieved which were classified in 21 basic themes. After final analysis, the basis themes were divided into four organizing theme: psychological theme, technological theme, institutional and customer-orientation theme. Among these four themes, the concept of technology in e-commerce has the greatest emphasis. Organizational issues, customer-orientation and psychological issues are at the next rankings, which can also be considered as important which can be considered by as e-commerce managers.

---

Objective: Utility of PCR-RFLP and species-specific PCR as novel and fast methods for identification and discrimination of causative agents of relapsing fever, Borrelia persica and B. microtii in infected blood were investigated. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA of B.persica and B.microtii species were extracted from the highly infected blood samples. Two fragments of GlpQ and 16SrDNA genes were amplified using specific primers and then the PCR products were sequenced. Based on sequence variation between the two species, species-specific primers as well as restriction enzymes were respectively designed and selected for discrimination of these species. Results: The results showed that using PCR technique we could easily amplify and detect the Borrelia species within the infected blood samples. Two different profiles of RFLP were produced when GlpQ PCR products of B.persica and B.microtii treated by SspI, TaqI, DraI, HinfI, and EcoRV restriction enzymes. Also when 16SrDNA was digested with TaqI enzyme we could discriminate between these two species. Based on GlpQ sequence variation, a set of primer 795r-BMGLPF produced specific band of 451 bp for B.microtii and a set of primer 128f-BPGLPR produced specific band of 252 bp for B.persica which could discriminate the both species well. Conclusion: In this study the discrimination of the two species of B.persica and B.microtii was investigated by PCR-RFLP and species-specific PCR methods for the first time. Both methods could easily distinguish the species from each other. Due to accuracy and speed of the molecular methods, they could be replaced with the classic methods. These fast and accurate diagnostic methods could be recommended for diagnosis laboratories in Iran and middle-east countries where both B.persica and B.microtii are prevalent.

---

---

---

The main goal of this paper is to present a mathematical model for inverse dynamic equation of elastic robotic manipulator with revolute-prismatic joints. Due to the fact that there is no limitation on the number of mechanical arms, the proposed model must be extracted based on a systematic and automotive algorithm. Also according to the high computational complexity, the equations should be formed by a recursive formulation. Hence, a recursive and systematic methodology for deriving the equation of motion of elastic robotic arm with revolute-prismatic joints is presented. The inverse dynamic equations for this robotic system are obtained based on Gibbs-Applle formulation. All dynamic expressions of a link are expressed in the same link local coordinate system. Finally, in order to show the ability of this formulation in deriving and solving the equation of motion of such systems, a computational simulation for a flexible single robotic arm with revolute-prismatic joint is presented.

---

Abstract:
Aptamers are single-stranded sequences of RNA, DNA, or highly specific proteins that tend to bind to a wide range of target molecules. Aptamers are widely used in various fields, especially medicine and diagnostics, and are similar in their application to antibodies. There are many benefits to using aptamer instead of antibodies, such as low cost, longer life, increased tissue permeability, and more. There are several methods for producing aptamer that in silico methods can shorten and simplify the steps of aptamer production. With aptamer modeling, a set of in silico methods such as modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics can be used to screen for the best aptamer sequence. In this article, a review of the types of aptamers, their structure and design methods in silico is briefly stated.
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico
 
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico

---

---

The ability in assessment of Total Precipitable Water (TPW) is useful in the prediction of the amount of raining, dam over-flooding and the flood. To extract TPW, the algorithm of infra- red bands near the MODIS sensor images were used. The satellite TPW, was validated using radiosonde data. Due to the limitation of the algorithm implementation to the cloud free sky and stable atmosphere, the general atmospheric conditions in the satellite passing date were investigated using auxiliary curves produced by synoptic and higher level meteorological data. In this way, the calm and eddy free atmosphere were selected. Then MODIS images were supplied from Iran Space Agency for this satellite passage. Then the TPW data were estimated using radiosonde and thermodynamics equation. Then regarding the stability and lack of new air masses in the region for the selected days (using analysis of the ground data and atmospheric profiles), the TPW for the time of satellite passage was interpolated.For determination of and in the aforementioned algorithm, EVI and ENDVI indices were deployed. At the end, a regression between the TPW produced by satellite and the one calculated from the radiosonde. showed that for the Mehrabad weather conditions, the MODIS channels 18 and 19 are suitable. Using the ratio of the apparent reflectance in the water vapor absorption bands to the one in the non-absorbing band, the atmospheric water vapor transparency for each one of the water vapor bands was calculated. The TPW in the earth-sensor path was calculated by implementing MODIS infrared bands under different atmospheric conditions, taking into account sensor and zenith angles, and the water vapor transparency using band ratio technique.

---

The purpose of this study is identify the effect of economic and social capital of bazaars in the Qajar period on their role in the process of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, until the issuance of the constitutional decree by Mozaffar al-Din Shah.This Research Method is historical and for collect information have been used Travelogues, memoirs, documents and historical documentd.

The results showed that the social capital of the bazaars in the Qajar period along with their economic capital played a major role in the revolutionary role-playing of the bazaars and the victory of the constitutional revolution.

The bazaars of the Qajar period, by using their accumulated social capital in the urban society and using money and labor under their cover, were able to play a revolutionary role in the first constitution and gain power in the field of politics.

---

Grade-control structures are aimed at preventing excessive channel-bed degradation in alluvial channels and at the outlet of a grassed waterway to stabilize the waterway outlet. The erosive action of the weir overflow may, however, cause significant local scour downstream and may endanger the stability of these structures. The scour process can be split up into different time phases. In the beginning the development of scour is very fast, and eventually an equilibrium situation is reached depending on clear water or live bed flow condition. Appropriate design of grade-control structures requires estimate geometric characteristics of the downstream scour. The local scour downstream of a grade-control structure located on an alluvial bed is a very complex and dynamic phenomenon which is influenced by many parameters. Most of these parameters are related to each other and determination of them is difficult. The estimation of maximum scour depth is very important in planning, design and management of hydraulic structures. Therefore, there is a great need to develop good prediction methods for geometric characteristics of scour hole downstream of grade control structures. Some of researchers studied scour downstream of grade-control structures and presented different empirical equations for estimation of maximum scour depth based on experimental data. The results of literatures show that the equation of D'Agostino and Ferro (2004) can be used as one of the most important empirical equations to estimate the maximum scour depth. In this study, coefficients of D'Agostino and Ferro (2004) equation to estimate of the maximum scour depth, horizontal distance between the weir crest and the maximum scour depth position, horizontal distance between the weir crest and sand deposition and maximum height of sediment deposition, were optimized by applying genetic algorithm. For this purpose, the field and laboratory data of Veronese (1937), Bormann and Julien (1991), D’Agostino(1994), Mossa (1998), Lenzi et al. (2000), Missiaga stream (2004), Falciai and Giacomin (1978), Some large-scale data ((Veronese 1937), Scimemi (1939), Whittaker and Schleiss (1984)) and shahabi (2010) were used for training and validation of the equations. The efficiency and accuracy of each equations were examined based on statistical Analyses such as percent error, root mean square error, mean bias error and correlation coefficient using independent data sets of training data and were compared with the results obtained from the equations proposed by D'Agostino and Ferro (2004). The results show that the value of percent error, root mean square error, mean bias error and correlation coefficient for maximum scour depth, horizontal distance between the weir crest and the maximum scour depth position, horizontal distance between the weir crest and sand deposition and maximum height of sediment deposition were 46.09, 11.78, 10.28 and 118.05, respectively. The corresponding values are 128.1, 27.73, 15.23 and 194.46 by using D'Agostino and Ferro relation. The results showed that the root mean square error and mean bias error are decreased by using proposed equations and the accuracy of obtained results by presented equations is higher than D'Agostino and Ferro (2004) equations. So it is recommended to use the proposed relations for assessing the characteristics of scour hole downstream of grade control structures.

---

A homogenous 2D plate with simply support boundary conditions is assumed. The effect of plate curvature and nonlinear deformation effects with cylindrical shell model and von Karman’s relation, has been introduced. Linear and Non-linear Frequency analysis with the effect of curvature and in-plane load has been investigated for the first time. Curved plate panel flutter, with the effect of supersonic aerodynamic and in-plane load has been studied for the first time. First and third order piston theory aerodynamic (PTA) is employed to model supersonic aerodynamic loading. Equations of motion have been derived by the use of Hamilton’s principle and resultant nonlinear PDEs have been transformed into nonlinear ODEs via Galerkin’s method. Forth and fifth order rang-kutta numerical method has been used to solve ODEs and define panel behavior. Results show that, structural linear frequencies increase with panel curvature, while, it is more complicated for non-linear frequencies due to the effects of in-plane loads. Fuethermore, 3rd order PTA theory has more critical effect on the instability boundary in comparison with 1st order PTA. The effect of in-plane load in aeroelastic phenomena make limite cycle osilation to chaotic motion for curve plates.