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According to the formation and evolution of life along with static magnetic fields,the permanent exposure has given adaptive ability to beings. Therapeutic magnetism is one of the branches of complementary medicine which uses  the low intensity and non-harmful magnetic fields to the body. By studying in infertile couples (20% male factor), the only cause of infertility and in 50% of cases it is considered as an intermediate factor. One of the influential factors in infertility in men is sperm. In the present study, normal specimens in the magnetic field under the intensities of 1,6 and 12 millitesla and at 1,3 and 5 h intervals.
Sperm movement rate was evaluated by CASA, as well as sperm viability, by eosin staining of necrosin and morphology by staining Papanicula. The results of this step on normal sperm showed a significant reduction in the sperm movement ,which  that was not affected by the field.
Morphological studies also show that sperm motility is not affected by magnetic field.. the survival rate of sperm  was affected by the magnetic field was significantly reduced, and the sperm morphology remained unchanged

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The effects of long-term rearing of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) on host preference and switching behavior was examined when parasitizing two common factitious hosts, including Mediterranean flour moth (MFM), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Angoumois grain moth (AGM), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) over 45 generations. Both host species eggs were offered to the parasitoid over 24 h. Significantly more MFM eggs were parasitized in all generations, but a distinct negative switching behavior was found in all experiments. The parasitoid negatively switched from MFM when they became abundant compared to AGM and vice versa. The preference coefficient (c) estimated using Murdoch's index ranged from 2.056 (in G5) to 1.734 (in G45) for MFM and 0.486 (in G5) to 0.577 (in G45) for AGM. The linear regression indicated that despite preferring MFM, the intensity of the preference decreased over 45 generations. Negative switching behavior in T. brassicae may be advantageous for this species in controlling pests in given situations.

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One hundred ninety two broiler breeder hens, from 40 to 49 weeks of age, were utilized in a precision feeding study for determining the hens’ energy requirement. Treatments were daily feed allotments containing metabolizable Energy Requirement (ER) estimated by empirical model, ER minus 10 (ER‒10), plus 10 (ER+10), and plus 20 kcal hen^-1 d^-1 (ER+20). Four levels of Metabolizable Energy Intake (MEI) were made by adding 0, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 grams corn oil, over the top of daily feed allotment. All birds consumed the same amount of diet, and were provided the same intake of nutrients, except energy. Hens with weight gain of 3.5 g per day had the maximum reproductive performance. Ovary weights were lower in ER-10 hens. This difference was also reflected in Small Yellow Follicle (SYF), and Large Yellow Follicle (LYF) numbers, in which the ER-10 hens had fewer SYF (7.6) and LYF (1.1). Hens that received 462.7 kcal d^-1 (ER), produced 4.04 eggs more than those that received 452.7 kcal d^-1 (ER‒10). However, addition of extra 10 and 20 kcal (ER+10, ER+20) on daily MEI had no beneficial effect on egg production. Using the linear broken line model, the ME requirements for egg production and hatchability were estimated at 458.5, and 456.2 kcal hen^-1 d^-1, respectively. Comparing the current estimated requirement value with earlier reports revealed that broiler breeder hens need more energy in a commercial house than those kept in an experimental house in the cage or pen. In conclusion, during post peak period with average 458.5 kcal MEI, 5 kcal hen^-1 d^-1 more than Ross 308 recommendation can improve broiler breeder hens’ performance.

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In the Small forest basins, mostly are the headwater of the Caspian sea basin, long historical data are unavailable, therefore physically bases model are suitable tools to evaluate them.The aim of this study was to simulate water balance components and estimate the impact of hydrogeological, morphological and hydrological conditions on water balance components in Kasilian representative basin. The BROOK90 model was applied and calibrated for the water balance analysis. Twenty years of hydro-climatology data were used for setting Brook90. Data from the period 1992–1993 was used for calibration, and the interval 2004–2006 was considered as the validation period. The calibration of Brook90 was done by trial and error. Visual inspection of the measured and simulated discharge curves and mean bias error were the indicators for model performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the model can give a fair estimation of the water balance components. The results of sensitivity analysis on model parameters indicates that geological, hydrological and land use factors play important roles in runoff generation and water balance components in the basin. The water balance investigation showed that about 76 percent of the annual precipitation released as evapotranspiration and 24 percent as streamflow. The average contribution of the individual streamflow component to total streamflow is 46.67% groundwater flow, 38.32% Source area flow, and 16.99% Bypass flow. The increase of vegetation cover reduces total evapotranspiration and total runoff that play an important role in reducing the potential of flooding and an increase in groundwater storage in the basin.

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Introduction. Designation of the local profile of Clarithromycin resistant (CAM-R) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) positive patients with phenotypic testes consequently evaluation of probable agreement between resistance phenotypes to genotypes is the necessity of accessing rapid molecular noninvasive tests. So, we designed ASP-PCR and PCR-sequencing methods to evaluate infB (G160A), 23S rRNA (A2142C/G, A2143C/G), and rpl22 (GTG deletion or TTCCATGTA insertion) nucleotide polymorphisms from the stool of patients with symptoms of gastritis. Urea tubes were used to transport 96 gastric biopsies to the laboratory. Methods. The Agar dilution method was performed to assess CAM-R strains. Besides the phenotypical identification, stool samples were collected and stored at -80^° C. Molecular identity w:as char:acterized by amplification of the 23S rRNA target gene. In the evaluation of non-invasive genotypical molecular tests in the detection of corresponding mutations, ASP-PCR was performed to isolate infB G160G wild-type strains and PCR-sequencing in determining 23S rRNA and rpl22 polymorphisms.
Results. Molecular isolation of H. pylori positive-patients was reported to be 34/54(62%). Among 35/96 (36%) phenotypically characterized H. pylori-positive infected patients,16/35(45%) were considered for CAM-R strains. The distribution of point mutations between resistant isolates has been revealed to be (1/16) for A2143C, (4/16) for infB G160A (PCR negative patients), (2/16) rpl22 for 3bp deletion, and (16/16) for rpl22 9bp insertion. Conclusion. We are honored to introduce rpl22-related point mutations as the potential marker in designing a noninvasive molecular method in Clarithromycin-resistant infected patients screening.
 

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The extended breadth, brilliant historical background and powerful ancient empires lead researchers to conclude that Iran must have been powerful enough in those eras in scientific domains especially in terms of geographical knowledge. But the remaining scientific works in geographical arena isn’t considerable enough. In the present study, using the literature review method, an attempt has been made to reveal few geographical references about Iran prior to the advent of Islam. These references are books, manuscripts, inscription and epopee forms. Among the books, the Avesta, Bundahišn, Dēnkart, and Menog-i Khrad have a significant importance. Moreover, Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr, The wonder and remarkability of Sagastān, History of Karkā ḏe Bēṯ Selōḵ, The Chronicle of Arbela, Parthian Stations and Movses Khorenatsi are geography books that too discuss geographical issues of ancient Iran. The letters of ancient kings such as Ardashir-e Babakan, Tansar and Artabanus to Susa citizens also contain information about geography. Some inscriptions from ancient Iran have geographic concepts such as Darius, Persepolis, Susa, Xerxes I and Shapur I. There is a lack of geographers’ name in ancient Iran same as scientific references about geography. Only two people named Isidore Charax and Movses Khorenatsi could be found who studied the Iranian geography, directly.