---

Purpose: Scorpions in the Middle Eastern countries are known as the most widely spread poisonous creatures that cause casualties and death to human being and domestic animals. These creatures are distributed and well established in subtropical regions. Among sixteen Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf, Kish Island is the focus of important internal and foreign industrial and commercial activities, attracting, thousands of tourists willing to visit its natural beauties and site seeing places every year. The present study was carried out during 1998-99 throughout Kish Island in order to learn about the species, abundance and foci of distribution of scorpions. This was done to establish a control strategy, reduce scorpion stings, and safeguard visitors, as well as, local population. Materials and methods: Collections were made using the night search using the direct smapling method with a UV light. Result: A total of 371 scorpions were captured. These were identified as Buthotus jayakari 365 specimens (%98.38) and Buthacus leptochelys with only 6 specimens (%1.68) belonging to the Buthidae family. B. jayakari was collected in most parts of the island and was considered to be the dominant species. The sex ratio was 1:1.53 in favor of females. Whereas B. leptochelys was a rare species having a restricted distribution. Discussion: Considering the high population of B. jayakari and its wide spread distribution, it can be regarded to be responsible for the majority of scorpion-stings in Kish Island.

---

Aim: This study investigates the intraspecific competition, for food and density amongst larvae of Anopheles stephensi (main malaria vector in south Iran). Material & Methods: The effects of 4 selected food quantities (1x,2x,4x,6x) and 5 larval densities (0.1 to 3 larva/cm2) were tested individually or in combination on 7 biological indexes of the vector and the results were statistically analyzed. The competition starts when the food quantity decreases from 6x to x and the larval density increases from 0.1 up to 3 larva/cm2. Results & Discussion: The biological indexes that showed significant alterations at competing conditions (reduced food quantity and increased larval density) were as follows. Increasing of the larval, pupal and total mortality, alteration of the sex ratio in favor of male production, and decrease of the speed of larval development and survival rate. However, body sizes did not show any significant difference among individuals of both sexes. Conclusion: So, reducing the food quantity and increasing the larval density make a decrease in abundance and activity of An. Stephensi and it may provide a useful method for control of this mosquito population.

---

The family of staphylinidae (rove beetles) includes 40000 species and has a world-wide distribution . Many species of Paederus have been known for a long time as the causative agent of linear dermatitis. Paederus beetles are attracted to artificial lights in the evening during the hot and humid summer nights. Whenever they are crashed or smeared on the skin they release their toxin called Pederin from their haemolymph . So far, various recommendation have been made to control paederus, but most of them were inefficient . The aim of this study was to investigate the repellency effect of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss), as a personal protection method against paederus beetles. Neem oil was used in three different dosages (2.5 ,5 ,10 percent) on treated paper inside the ptri dishes. The results showed that protection percentage produced by Neem oil at 2.5 ,5 and 10 percent dose was 46.2 ,69.3 ,84.62 percente respectivly .

---

Aims: Since 2019, COVID-19 has become a public health emergency and a global threat. Although adolescents are a vulnerable group, they have not received much attention. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explain adolescents' experiences of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors.
Participant & Methods: This study was conducted as a qualitative study with a qualitative content analysis approach at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 1400. Purposeful sampling consisted of 21 adolescents of both sexes. The data collection method was semi-structured and in-depth interviews.
Findings: A total of 112 initial codes were obtained, which after merging similar codes finally extracted 89 semantic units in 12 subcategories and 3 main categories including Physical consequences, Psychological consequences, and Cognitive-emotional consequences from the perspective of adolescents.
Conclusion: Considering the formation of lifestyle behaviors in adolescence and the positive and negative effects of coronary heart disease on various aspects of adolescent lifestyle, it seems that governments should pay special attention to this age group that is the future makers of countries and steps Valuable for this age group to flourish.

---

Phenols are organic and highly toxic compounds commonly found in the effluents of various industries due to their wide range of applications. The inhibitory effect of phenol at high concentrations, as well as the high salinity of industrial effluents, poses a serious challenge for treatment by microorganisms. One of the most common approaches to overcome this problem is the immobilization of phenol-degrading microorganisms. The aim of this study was to study the immobilization effect on the phenol removal efficiency of native Janibacter halotolerant bacterium. For this purpose, mica was used as a carrier for bacterial immobilization and the protein concentration assay was applied to determine the immobilization efficiency. The phenol removal by free and immobilized cells was studied as well as the effect of different parameters on phenol removal efficiency. The immobilization efficacy on mica was %68.75, based on protein concentration measurements. The removal time of 100 mg/L phenol by suspended cells was 88 h, while the immobilized cells degraded it in 40 h. Immobilized cells, unlike free cells, were able to remove phenol at lowered temperatures up to 16℃ , salt concentrations greater than 7/5%, and pH levels below 7/5 and above 8/5. Similar results regarding the superior performance of immobilized cells have been obtained in other studies. As a result, the immobilization process considerably improves the efficiency of phenol removal and makes the cells resistant to harsh environmental conditions by protecting the cells from the toxic effects of phenol.
 

---

Coconut is a good source of bioactive compounds due to the presence of tocopherols and phytosterols, which are increasingly used to enrich various food products. The use of coconut powder in the formulation of flavored milk with regard to its phytosterol compounds can increase the nutritional value of milk and its organoleptic acceptability among consumers. However, one of the major challenges in the flavored milk industry is their physical instability, which can be effective in using hydrocolloids at the appropriate concentration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the optimal formulation of coconut milk containing tragacanthin gum (solution of tragacanth) to achieve a product with Desirable quality characteristics. For this purpose, the response surface method with the central composite investigated the effect of tragacanthin gum on 5 levels (0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.225 and 0.3%) and coconut powder on 5 levels (2, 3.5, 5, 6/5 and 8%) on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of coconut milk was used. Statistical results showed that increasing coconut powder and tragacanthin gum in coconut milk formulation significantly decreased pH and increased acidity (p<0.05). According to the results of the viscosity test, the viscosity increased as the formulation of tragacanthin and coconut powder increased (p<0.05). Results show an increase of sedimentation amount once the coconut powder increased. While by increasing the gum tragacanthin concentration, there was a twofold effect in sedimentation amount and in average level of gum, the minimum amount of sediment was observed. Also, the sensory evaluation of coconut milk samples indicated that the highest sensory acceptability was for samples containing intermediate amounts of coconut powder. But tragacanthin gum only influenced the flavor and consistency of parameters. Finally, the sample consisted of 4.28% coconut powder and 0.15% tragacanthin gum as optimum sample with desirable physical, chemical and sensory properties.
 

---

The preparation of butter can be effective on its properties, in this study, the characteristics of butter prepared in traditional (using fermentation) and industrial (conventional) methods were investigated in both winter and summer seasons. For this purpose, butter samples were prepared from yogurt, cream in both summer, and winter from a farm in the Sarab region of East Azerbaijan. Fatty acid profile, plant sterols, peroxide, soap and iodine values, melting point and refractive index were measured. The Comparison of mean seasons showed that short-chain fatty acids (C4-C10) in summer was higher than winter and traditional butter had more short-chain fatty acids than industrial butter. In addition, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in winter and local butters were higher than summer and industrial butters. Comparison results of trans fatty acids showed that the most and the least amounts belonged to summer butter and winter local butters respectively. Local butter had the minimum ω3 / ω6 ratio and summer butter had the maximum conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Non-fermented butter produced in summer had higher levels of phytosterols than fermented butter. The peroxide and soap values of traditional winter butter were higher than summer and the iodine value of winter-fermented butter was higher than non-fermented butter. Melting point and refractive index indices did not differ significantly in relation to the type of season and all results corresponded to the declared range of the national standard. According to the results there is a relative desirability of local butter from nutrition aspect in this research.

---

Camelina oil contains large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds, which affect the amount of blood factors such as blood lipids. The presence of these compounds reduces the deposition of fat in the veins and reduces the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of factors such as benzopyrene. The aim of this research is to evaluate the safety and effect of camellia oil as an edible oil on the growth, tissue and blood factors of Wistar rats in order to investigate its use in human nutrition. During this period (90 days), 40 male Wistar rats in 4 groups were administered Camelina oil with doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 ml daily compared to the control group, in blood and biochemical parameters such as lipid factors. Blood, ALT, AST, ALP and white and red blood cells were evaluated. In ALT, Cr, LDL, total cholesterol, WBC, PDW and RBC factors, no significant difference was observed between the groups and the control group. But the reduction of urea, TG, AST, RDW, MCHC occurred in different groups compared to the control group, and this reduction was associated with a significant difference. A significant difference was observed in blood glucose level in two groups with 1 and 10 ml diet. Also, the exposure of this oil to the studied doses did not cause any pathological and clinical effects in the studied animals compared to the control group animals in a period of three months. Also, the results of this study showed that due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), tocopherol and other antioxidants, camellia oil can be effective in increasing the immunity of the cellular level of the body and human health.
 

---

Concentrations and profiles of 15 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of six different edible oils consumed in Iran markets (oils of olive, sesame, coconut, sunflower, frying and blend oil) were studied. The evaluated edible oils in the present study have not previously been analyzed concerning their contents of PAH compounds. PAHs of 207 edible oil samples were determined and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Spectrofluorometric Detector (HPLC/FLD). The results revealed that the highest content of total PAHs was in coconut oil group (46.8 µg kg^-1), followed by blend oil (22.48 µg kg^-1), frying oil (20.67 µg kg^-1), sesame oil (19.92 µg kg^-1), olive oil (18.4 µg kg^-1) and sunflower oil (17.6 µg kg^-1). The light PAHs (Naphthalene, Acenaphtene, Phenantherern, Antrathene, and Fluorene) had the highest portion of PAHs concentration. Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 contents (Benz[a]anthracene+Chrysene+Benzo[b]fluoranthene+Benzo[a]pyrene) were ND-1.32 µg kg^-1 and 0.14-9.2 µg kg^-1, respectively; coconut oil had the highest content. In general, the highest values of Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 were not higher than the maximum allowable values of 2 and 10 in any sample, respectively. However, due to the significant content of total PAHs in some vegetable oils, such as coconut oil, it is necessary to determine the limits and evaluate it in the national standard and regulations of the country.