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The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of roasting temperatures and additives application on pistachio oil quality during the storage. The chemical and sensory analysis were performed on samples of roasted pistachio nuts only with salt (F1), without any additive (F2), with salt plus 1% ascorbic acid (F3), with salt plus 2% ascorbic acid (F4), with salt plus 1% sodium metabisulfite (F5) and with salt plus 2% sodium metabisulfite (F6). All samples were roasted at three temperatures (90, 120 and 150 Ċ). The chemical analysis includes measurement of peroxide value, thiobarbitoric acid value (TBA) and free fatty acid (FFA), and also the sensory analysis includes rancidity and total acceptance were performed during 3 month of storage. Free fatty acid (%), peroxide and thiobarbitoric acid values as well as rancidity increased across the storage time for all treatments. Addition of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, did not affect the total acceptance of the product but provided protection against lipid oxidation during the storage. Furthermore, using sodium metabisulfite prevented samples from oil deterioration being a little less efficient compared with ascorbic acid. During the storage, the pistachio nuts only with salt and without any additives (F1 and F2), had more FFA (%), peroxide and TBA values, and less total acceptance than other formulations. In addition, using of high temperature of roasting led to less quality of pistachio oil and decreased the total acceptance.

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Uricase or urate oxidase is an enzyme that converts uric acid (with low solubility) to 5-hydroxyisourate and finally to allantoin. The possibility of developing some diseases like gout and kidney stones will be increased in high levels of uric acid. Thus, uricase can be used as drug enzyme to reduce uric acid levels in the blood. The low stability of proteins (such as drug enzymes) is a challenge in the use of them. There are several approaches such as use of additives for protein stabilization. In this study, E. Coli BL21 (DE3) was transformed by pET28a (+) vector carrying Aspergillus flavus uricase gene. The recombinant protein was expressed and then purified by a Ni-NTA agarose chromatography column. After purification, the thermal stability of the purified enzyme was evaluated and then it stabilized by additives. The results showed that enzyme is active and purified very well. Thermal stability results indicated that uricase maintains its stability up to 20°C and then loses its stability. The half-life of enzyme was 30minutes at 40 °. The results of enzyme stabilization by 20% (v/w) concentration of glucose and sorbitol as well as by 20 % (v/v) of glycerol showed that glucose had the most stabilization effect on the uricase among the additives. The stability (half life) of enzyme was increased more than two times in the presence of glucose. Finally, we conclude that additives like glucose which increase surface tension have the most stabilization effect on the uricase enzyme stability.

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Abstract The main purpose of this research is studying stripping of asphalt mixtures. Key factors were the aggregate properties and the suitable methods to control and assess the stripping distress in laboratory conditions. Our case study was the "Zanjan-Qazvin" freeway in which this distress is manifested extensively. The aggregates for the tests were selected from the sections in which stripping were more serius. stripping was found to be caused by excess values of siliceous minerals. This resul were obtained using XRF & XRD analyses. Primary estimation of stripping was determined using boiling test over the loose mix specimens. Specimens were tested under theWTAT. Hydrated lime was utilized as the antistripping agent. It is concluded that if hydrated lime is utilized as an additives, not only stripping is reduced but also the stability and durability of the asphalt pavement is increased. The presented approach ultimately resulted in improving mix properties.

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Sand and gravel materials are commonly use for structure layers of roads. These materials are providing from riverbeds and mines, which are usually far from the operation site area. While the process involves manipulation of riverbeds and mines it also has a significant cost, most of it in extraction, transportation, Gradation correction, fuel and machinery.Researches done in different countries are showing that in cases soil is in good quality, stabilized mixture of soil can be used instead of sand and gravel. These can reults a signifactnt amount of money saving by providing soil from near the road and eliminating the process of Gradation correction. However, there are resistance and inflammatory parameters of fine soils, which play an important, usually problematic, role in structure buildings. The abundance of fine-grained clayey soils in the country, have created serious problems in construction projects. One of the ways to modify or improve the properties of these soils is stabilizing. Lime as a stabilizer for fine-grained soils is famous. In this thesis, the effect of four chemical additives on the CBR strength of soil stabilized with lime is studied. In addition, effect of additives on properties such as swelling, water absorption and density of soil stabilized with lime is studied. These additives with names "Panplast R", "RB - PC 386", "RB - PC 375" and "Planicrete SP" as a lubricant and concrete superplasticizer have the desired effect on the chemical and physical properties of concrete. Moreover, the Cementation act of stabilized soil with lime is like cement. In this study, the effects of those additives on lime-stabilized soil are studied. First four different combinations of soil and different percentages of lime made. The results obtained optimized percentage of lime. Then optimized percentage of lime and different percentages of additives used to build the different samples. In order to avoid faults and testing errors, each combination made by two samples. All desired results were presente as mean values obtained from two samples. Total of 49 samples were built and tested. Due to determine the effect of curing time of each combination, two sample with 7-day curing time and two other with 14-day curing time are made. In order to preserve the moisture in the samples during the curing time they were stored in sealed thick nylon bags. After curing time for each sample for 96 hours at constant temperature water baths were maintaine to monitor inflation and the water absorption. After time the CBR test done. Finally, the Additives "Panplast-R" and "RB-PC 375" had a favorable impact on listed properties, so that the CBR result was 90% and 99%, the "RB-PC 386" was almost effectless, and the "Planicrete-SP" has shown Negative impact on the properties of interest. so that the CBR result was 65%.

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In this paper, efficiency of defected graphene nano ribbon incorporating with additional nanoparticles on mass detection operations is studied via the Reverse Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (RNEMD) method. Thermal conductivity management of this structure is challenging because of imposed losses in electrical conductivity and any procedure could manage the thermal conductivity of graphene will be useful. In this paper it is observed that on the mass detection operation, due to the porosity generation in the nano ribbon surface or even creation of external nanoparticles, thermal properties of graphene change considerably. This should be noted in calibration of graphene based mass sensors. In summary, results show that the graphene’s thermal conductivity would reduce by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles and thermal conductivity of graphene is higher when porosities and impurities are at the edges. This indicates that the location of vacancies and nanoparticles influences the thermal conductivity. For a better thermal management with the help of nanoparticles, wither respect to the porosities, addition of nanoparticles decrease the thermal conductivity more and more. By increasing the cavity’s diameter from 0.5nm to 4.4nm in a specific single layer graphene, thermal conductivity was reduced from 67 W/mk to 1.43 W/mk.

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Adhesion of bitumen to Aggregates is the basis of the strength of the asphalt pavements. The term "stripping" is used for hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures to show the separation of asphalt binder film from aggregate surfaces, due primarily to the action of moisture and/or vapor.  If this phenomenon is eliminated for any reason, stripping will be occurred. This problem not only is as a distinct distress but also can cause other asphalt distresses which are finally resulted in the overthrow of road. Mainly because this distress either results from or is dominated by moisture, it is usually called “moisture damage” or “moisture susceptibility”.  The main goal in this research is to study stripping in asphalt mixtures. The key factors which must be considered in this research are aggregates and selecting the suitable approach for controlling and assessment of this distress in laboratory conditions. the most recent approach introduced is the rehabilitation and modification of asphalt mixtures against stripping, whether asphalt concrete or surface treatment. Thus, in this study on "Zanjan-Qazvin" freeway where this distress have usually been observed, the aggregates for constructing the asphalt was selected from sections of the aggregate the stripping intensity of which is higher than the others. First, the sensitivity of stripping was specified by XRF & XRD analysis. There is a requisite to do a realistic laboratory test method to predict moisture susceptibility of HMA mixtures. It was observed in the case histories that the asphalt pavements were saturated with water (55-80% saturated as specified in ASTM D4867 or AASHTO T283). Thereafter, in order to calculate the tensile strength ratio, it is required to consider unsaturated specimens some of which remained with no conditions. A laboratory test procedure that simulates such conditions will be more realistic. The cylindrical asphalt concrete specimens are constructed by marshal method. Thus, their durability is evaluated according to AASHTO-T283. In this method, those stabilities are measured by indirect tensile test; the amount of their stripping was previously estimated by boiling test. Results showed that according to literature boiling test method is not reliable enough to be accurate. On the other hand, the result of laboratory test of AASHTO-T283 is quantitative and much more technical. Also, using hydrated lime 3% for this material can be useful to reduce the adverse effect of stripping, and it can be used as a suitable anti-stripping. Based on the probabilistic analysis, all the specimens result either in Indirect Tensile Test, or in the TSR results. This showed the improvement of the strength. Also, the rate of increasing is close to that of the parabolic curve. WTAT test was carried out over the surface treatment specimens constructed using these aggregates. Hydrated lime was utilized as the most important anti-stripping additive for prevention and rehabilitation of this distress in all of the experiments.