Showing 6 results for Cartilage
Shahla Hemmati, , , ,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2014)
Abstract
Abstract Sharks are relatively large sea creatures by an extensive cartilaginous skeleton. The shark cartilage is a rich source of bioactive molecules including collagen protein and glycosaminoglycan. In the present study, Cetyl Piridinium Chloride cationic salt was used for extracting of glycosaminoglycans from dryed cartilage of Carcharhinus dussumieri and their anticoagulant properties were examined. FTIR spectrum was also used to identifing and structurally compare with heparin. The total amount of the extracted glycosaminoglycan was 42.8 mg/g of the dry cartilage. Also, FTIR spectrum results confirmed the presence of heparin- like compounds in the extract. Finally, the anticoagulant properties of extracted glycosaminoglycans was examined by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time anticoagulant test (APTT) method in 410, 763, and 1250 concentrations, and Prothrombin Time (PT) method in the 1250 concentration on the human plasma. The anticoagulant time was 43, 50, and 85s in 410, 763, and 1250 concentrations of extracts, respectively, which extended the coagulation time 1.3, 1.5, and 2.5 folds.
Shokoufeh Mehrtashfar, Mahboubeh Kabiri,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (1-2023)
Abstract
Occurrence of various types of incidents such as road accidents, damage and injuries during sports activities as well as some diseases can lead to the destruction and resorption of osteochondral tissue and cause many problems in health and quality of life of the patient, therefore control and repairing these defects is one of the major challenges in the field of regenerative medicine. Since osteochondral defects involve damage to both articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone, the demands of bone, cartilage, and bone cartilage interface should be taken into account for repair. Current clinical therapies are more palliative and less therapeutic. Hence, due to the limitations of existing treatment methods over the past decade, the use of tissue engineering as an effective and low-risk treatment method for the treatment of many diseases, especially bone-cartilage lesions has been introduced. In this approach, some of the limitations of previous methods could be overcome by transplanting osteochondral composite tissues, which have been obtained by combining patient's own cells with three-dimensional porous biomaterials of predetermined shape and size. So far, various strategies for scaffold fabrication have been used to repair osteochondral defects, including single-phase, multilayer, and graded structures. In this study, some common strategies in tissue engineering as well as the challenges ahead are briefly discussed.
Volume 16, Issue 8 (10-2016)
Abstract
Mechanical behavior of articular cartilage is affected by many factors. Inhomogeneous distribution of proteoglycans and collagen fibers through the thickness causes some depth-wise behavior. Mechanical properties directly affect stress and deformation of the tissue. In previous studies complexities and variation in mechanical properties were ignored. The aim of the present study is to create a model close to real anatomy of articular cartilage in knee joint and to simulate its behavior under dynamic gate in the stance phase. A 3D finite element (FE) model was created. It was constructed considering femur and tibial cartilages as well as medial and lateral meniscus. In the FE model, a nonlinear isotropic viscoelastic material model used for cartilages and a linear anisotropic elastic one was chosen for meniscuses. As well, cartilages assumed saturated . Numerical simulations on the model showed that peak of maximum principal stress occurred in superficial layer. It was decreased through thickness. These expressed why osteoarthritis fall out in the exterior layers such superficial . The present study showed that hydraulic permeability variation in cartilage as a strain-dependent variable was negligible in dynamic loading. Also, results had a good agreement with experimental ones
Volume 17, Issue 6 (8-2017)
Abstract
One of the focused problem in airway flow simulation is pulmonary airways modeling. There are two kind of Lung models, one is created anatomically based on bronchial data and second is realistic model which is created based on CT scan images. Unfortunately cause of modeling process or simplification cause of restriction of CPU and time, the result model is different from a really pulmonary airways. Anatomically model are many simplification and realistic model from CT scan have major limitation in CT image resolution and smoothing stage of make out the 3D model. Anyway the lung has many rough and the first thing that is vital on this way is cartilage rings as macro scale roughness. So the presented work, compared the airflow in both simple and modified Horsfield model by cartilage rings in term of time averaged wall shear stress which are important in engineering of Cell-Fluid Interactions (CFI). This is shown that cartilage rings affected the trachea and second generation of brunches so this is not reasonable to neglect the cartilage rings.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Cartilage is a tissue without vessel and lymph in body. If it has a massive defect, it cannot regenerate and reconstruct itself. In this society, cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis and cartilage defects have increased. Its defects can disrupt the daily function of the patient and can be accompanied by pain due to bone wear. Common methods used to treat cartilage defects, which are considered invasive with low efficacy, include autologous chondrocytes, microfracture, bone marrow stimulation, and debridement. Current treatments are not definitive methods, which is why the use of stem cells and cartilage tissue engineering has been turned on. In the current review, the types of stem cells used in cartilage therapy and cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. Then, cellular signaling factors such as growth factors, mechanical and environmental factors were mentioned and referred to scaffolds based on the biomaterials used to engineer high-efficiency stem cells for the reconstruction of cartilage tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the use of stem cells in cartilage tissue regeneration and engineering.
Conclusion: The role of stem cells in regeneration of cartilage has been properly proven, but the mechanism and method of creating this regeneration has not yet been determined. Mesenchymal cells have the highest safety in cell therapy in cartilage, and these types of cells have the most clinical usage. In Iran, cell therapy is performed clinically for patients, but cartilage tissue engineering has not yet reached the clinical stage.
Volume 23, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease that has significantly affected the patients’ quality of life. As cartilage doesn’t have any blood vessels and neurons, its treatment is a difficult task to do. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and surgical interventions, can only control the disease, and the joint will lose its functionality after a short period. Consequently, modern methods such as cell therapy and tissue engineering along with using various biomaterials are being attempted to repair degenerated cartilage tissue. Using interfering RNAs is another approach that targets specific destructive or malfunctioned RNA sequences and suppresses the responsible factors for cartilage tissue destruction. Hence, the degenerated tissue can gradually retain the balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. Identification of the affecting genes in degeneration or malfunctioning and their suppression has provided promising results for the treatment of diseases. In the current study, after introducing the tissue, the process of cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis development, the researches that have investigated the effect of interfering RNAs on rehabilitating cartilage tissue via inhibition of cartilage matrix destruction are reviewed.
