Showing 32 results for Fluorescence
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
The insight of storage root formation mechanism under different soil compaction which is one of the vital factors affecting storage rot yield is crucial for the high and stable storage yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Photosynthetic characters has been proved to be determining factor of crop yield. So field experiments were conducted with 2 varieties in control, loose, and compacted soil conditions, canopy apparent photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the functional leaves, storage root yield were determined, and the relationship between yield and photosynthetic characters was studied as well. The results indicated compared to the control, the storage root yield was significantly increased in loose soil with the average increase of 27.03%~38.74%, but decreased in compacted soil with the average reduction of 17.87%~15.92%. The CAP got the similar change law. Loose soil also improved gas exchange parameters of functional leaves, overall performance and donor/recipient side properties of PSII, the reverse was found in compacted soil. The CAP was significantly positively correlated with storage root yield (r= 0.99, P<0.05) and single storage root weight (r= 0.90, P<0.05). As per statistical path analysis, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) had the most total effect and higher direct effect on increasing CAP. That is, reduce the soil compaction increased Pn of functional leaves, brought higher CAP, resulted in high storage root yield.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of irrigation strategies including sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on the growth, physiology, and photosynthesis of strawberry plants in order to maximize crop productivity while maintaining water resources. This experiment has four irrigation strategies (FI: control (full irrigation volume), PRD1 (full irrigation volume), PRD2 (50% of FI), and SDI (50% of FI) and two fertilizer strengths (EC1 and EC2) with four replicates per treatment. Gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance (gs), and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F'v/F'm) were assessed on three occasions throughout the experimental duration in order to monitor the impact of different irrigation strategies on photosynthesis. Yield water use efficiency, as well as TSS (total soluble solids) and TA (total titratable acidity), two fruit quality-related parameters, were also measured. In the final stage, PRD2-EC2 photosystem II efficiency was 9% higher than SDI-EC2. Also, the PRD strategy effectively influenced and regulated the adjustment of stomatal conductance (gs). In diluted fertilizer (EC2), yield WUE of PRD1 and SDI performed 15% and 30.7% lower than FI-EC2. However, PRD2-EC2 treatment increased 72.5% more than the control. Our observations of leaf and fruit deficiencies showed that the PRD strategy had long-term benefits for the plant and reduced water consumption. However, to establish a sustainable irrigation strategy, the nutrient solution must be adjusted to control growth and photosynthesis attributes.
Volume 3, Issue 10 (10-2006)
Abstract
In this investigation, a number of canned Killka with oil and brine filling media were produced to survey the impact of filling media type on canned common Killka quality by traditional Mediterranean method. Qualitative characteristics including moisture, total lipid, free fatty acids, peroxide, tiobarbituric acid, fluorescence compound in aquatic phase of lipid extract obtained from fish and canned fish, and the fluorescence compound existed in filling media were determined. Results showed that hydrolytic rancidity product and the filling media fluorescence compound in brine canned was higher than the oil canned. The primary and secondary lipid oxidation indices (tiobarbituric acid and peroxide) had no ideal efficiency to evaluate the loss of quality due to the filling media type, while the fluorescence index had perfectly showed the quality loss. With regard to present interactions between fish tissue and filling media, it’s recommended determine the amount of filling media fluorescence compound as a good technique for quality assessment.
Volume 6, Issue 21 (7-2009)
Abstract
Studying dough microstructure is considered as a useful and effective tool to understand the effect of different process parameters on dough and the final product characteristics. In this study, sample preparation and staining protocols were established to study the dough micro-structure with epi-fluorescence light microscope (EFLM). For this purpose, dough sample preparation and staining conditions with respect to the type of staining dye, solvent, dye concentration, staining time and the type of filter used for EFLM were studied. The results showed that sodium Fluorescein (1% w/v) and Rhodamine B (0.1% w/v) in 2-methoxyethanol solvent give the best staining results. The double staining technique used enabled us to simultaneously and successfully observe the starch granules and protein network in the dough. The resting time after the addition of the dye had an impact on the quality of microscopic images. Among different resting times investigated, 60 min time gave the best results. Among the different EFLM filters, the MWBV2 filter for 420 nm spectrum gave the best results. Using image processing software and the specialized plug-ins the quality of EFLM images was improved. When a suitable protocol and methodology was established, the microstructure of dough was studied under different mixing regimes (under-mixing, optimal mixing and over-mixing). Overall, the results indicated that EFLM can be successfully used for studying the dough microstructure and this technique gives comparable results to well-known CSLM technique.
Reyhane Chamani, S. Mohsen Asghari,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Endostatin suppresses growth and progression of many tumors through binding to endothelial cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins like integrin, heparin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2. There is an arginine rich motif on the surface of endostatin that is essential for binding to some of aforementioned proteins. It has been shown that a 27 amino acid peptide derived from amino terminal of endostatin responsible for its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities and mutation of histidines bound to Zn significantly reduce its activity. In the present study, as regards the importance of Zn-binding loop in amino terminal and arginine 27 in carboxyl terminal, peptides corresponding to this region and a mutated variant including isoleusin 26 to arginine mutation synthesized and their structure and interaction with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2 analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular dynamic and docking simulation techniques. This study aimed to analyze effect of placing two positively charged arginines on the structure and interaction of this fragment of endostatin. Results showed that placing two arginines close together in the carboxyl terminal of peptide increases fluctuations in total structure of peptide, alters Zn-binding loop in the amino terminal and makes binding energy of peptide to matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2 more negative. It can be inferred that repulsion of two positively charged arginines in carboxyl terminal induces conformational changes in the whole structure and in the amino terminal loop region.
Mehdi Sadeghi, Bijan Ranjbar, Mohammad Reza Ganjalikhany,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
The Cu dependent restriction deoxyribozyme is the unique example of known deoxyribozymes. The uniqueness of this deoxyribozyme is originated from specific cleaving of single stranded DNA and formation of triple helix DNA structure which is necessary for substrate recognition and binding. The most established method for measuring the kinetic parameters of deoxyribozyme is based on use of radiolabeled substrates which have several difficulties. In this study we present accurate, fast and inexpensive methods for kinetic study of the deoxyribozyme which is based on extrinsic fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. As mentioned above, DNA triple helix formation is necessary for substrate identification and also enzyme activity. Circular dichroism spetropolarimetery is used for structural study of enzyme. Analysis of spectrum results from this technique indicates structural changes which is a direct evidence for the triple helix formation in enzyme-substrate complex. Extrinsic fluorescence experiment is based on high affinity of SYBR gold to double stranded DNA compared to single stranded DNA. Enzyme activity can be measured by SYBR gold fluorescence emission upon addition of cofactor to the enzyme-substrate complex. Continuous hyperchromicity assay method which is based on UV-visible spectroscopy was used for measuring of enzyme activity by hyperchromicity of the enzyme-substrate complex after addition of cofactor. Comparison of the results show that the continuous hyperchromicity assay is more accurate than the extrinsic fluorescence method, because of this method is based on intrinsic physicochemical properties of DNA without interference of external factors.
Volume 8, Issue 31 (8-2011)
Abstract
In this study effects of flour hydration was investigated on gluten development in bread dough. For this purpose, zero-mechanical energy developed (ZD) doughs, which prepared and hydrated outside conventional mixers were used. Effects of fridge and room temperatures for different durations (1.5, 4 and 24 h) was studied on dough hydration extent and gluten development. Epi-fluorescence light microscopic (EFLM) observations revealed positive effect of holding time in both temperatures on protein distribution extent in dough microstructure. However, increasing temperature for durations studied showed strong effect on hydration and hence gluten development extent. So, treatments carried out at room temperature for 24 h compared to those accomplished at fridge temperature for the same duration showed the best gluten development patterns. Concluding, flour hydration leads to development of gluten structures in the dough. Gluten self-aggregation caused by hydration accounts for this phenomenon. However, the structures observed for ZD doughs in this study were different from those reported for optimally-mixed doughs, which show coarse interconnected gluten network surrounding starch granules.
M. Nakhaei Amroudie , F. Ataei ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: IP3 is a key regulator molecule in the message transmission pathway, and releases calcium into the cytoplasm by binding intracellular IP3R receptors on the surface of the internal calcium stores. The aim of this study was expression, purification, and characterization of IP3-binding domain from human type 2.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the pET-28a plasmid of the carrier of the IP3BD gene was transferred to the E.coli expression strain BL21 (DE3) by chemical method. In order to optimize the expression in the bacterial system, the expression was studied in different conditions, and various temperatures such as 16, 18, 20, and 24°C, the different times after incubation, type of inducer, and its different concentrations were investigated. The induced bacteria were purified on the basis of thermal shock through nickel column for chromatography and the purity of the protein was measured through SDS-PAGE. The fluorescence emission of IP3-binding domain was measured in the presence and absence of an IP3 ligand at wavelength of 295nm.
Findings: Protein did not have a significant expression in LB, TB, and 2xYT environments, and no changes were observed at different times. Expression of bacterial protein at 20°C based on thermal shock of 42°C was higher than in all cases. The purification of the induced bacteria was difficultly repeated due to thermal shock, and the purified samples did not have high concentrations. The fluorescence emission of the protein decreased in the presence of the IP3 ligand.
Conclusion: The bacterial expression of IP3-binding domain from human type 2 is weak, but the expression of protein increases with the induction of shock of 42°C.
L. Hassani, E. Safaei , F. Hakimian , S. Soufian,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: The G-quadruplex structural motifs of DNA are considered a novel target for drug discovery. As potential compounds, small molecules that selectively target the G-quadruplex structures may be used for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was the thermodynamic investigation of copper porphyrazines and phthalocyanine interaction with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, interaction of an anionic water-soluble phthalocyanine Cu(PcTs) and two cationic water-soluble tetrapyridinoporphyrazines, including [Cu(2,3-tmtppa)] 4+ and [Cu(3,4-tmtppa)]4+ complexes with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA was thermodynamically investigated in different concentrations of Na+ and K+ cations, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The data were analyzed via the Stern-Volmer plot and the van't Hoff plot.
Findings: Fluorescent intercalator displacement indicated the displacement ability of the complexes with thiazole orange. Stern-Volmer plots of the porphyrazines exhibited a slight positive deviation from a straight line, suggesting both static and dynamic quenching. In addition, the quenching effect of the two porphyrazines was noticeably higher than the phthalocyanine, implying binding of Cu(PcTs) to both forms of the quadruplex was weaker compared to Cu(2,3-tmtppa) and Cu(3,4-tmtppa). Gibbs free energy (∆G) for binding was negative, implying that the interaction between the complexes and the G-quadruplex DNA was favorable thermodynamically.
Conclusion: The binding of copper porphyrazines to G-quadruplex DNA is stronger than copper phthalocyanine, and their binding is favorable thermodynamically. Porphyrazines have potential to be used as anti-cancer compounds and are suitable complexes for pharmaceutical studies.
Z. Solgi, Kh. Khalifeh , S. Hosseinkhani, B. Ranjbar ,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: The probability of establishing electrostatic interactions due to the abundance of charged hydrophilic residues and especially arginine is considered the most important thermal stabilizing factor of thermophilic enzymes. The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing thermodynamic stability and kinetic refolding of Lampyris turkestanicus and some of its mutants.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental thermal stability and the way of refolding Lampyris turkestanicus and 3 mutations, including ERR, ERR/I232R, ERR/Q35R/I182R/I232R were investigated by various spectroscopic techniques. In order to high expression of proteins, a single clone of each sample was selected and inoculated into 10ml of LB culture medium, containing Kanamycin at a concentration of 50μg/mg and incubated at 37°C with an ideal aeration for 12-15 hours. The culture medium was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 5000g at 4°C to provide the cellular contents of the bacteria. The results were obtained through spectroscopic methods of remote and near circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and kinetics experiments, using fluorescence-stopped flow technique.
Findings: Along with the increase in the number of arginine residues at the protein level, the stability and structural compression of the mutated enzymes in comparison with the wild enzyme were increased and the thermograms obtained from differential scanning calorimetry showed a slight increase in Tm and calorimetric enthalpy of mutated proteins in comparison with wild protein.
Conclusion: The rate constant of refolding mutated enzymes has increased compared with the wild type. The improvement of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters results from the improvement of electrostatic interactions, which results in a higher degree of compression and structural density.
S.m. Hosseini, E. Ahamdi, Y.s. Borghei,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that play key roles in cellular disorders or disease diagnosis. Thus the method for sensitive and selective detection of miRNAs is imperative to clinical diagnosis. Recently it has witnessed the rapid development of Metal Nanocluster-Based fluorescent probe design and its successful applications in detecting various targets, such as ssDNA, miRNA and Metal Ions. The DNA scaffolded Metal nanoclusters display excellent photostability, subnanometer size, nontoxicity, biocompatibility and thus well-suited as a fluorescent probe for biochemical applications. Here we develop a DNA/Metal Nanoclusters (MNCs)-based turn-on fluorescence method in the presence of target microRNAs as a potential biomarker for screening cancer. DNA scaffold Metal nanocluster was fabricated by a one-pot wet-chemical strategy and characterized by TEM and DLS techniques. This nanobisensor had a detection limit of 0.64pM. Conclusion, this nanobiosensors could become a potential alternative tools for detection of miRNAs in biological samples and useful in biomedical research and early clinical diagnosis.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2021)
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as a novel and sensitive technology was used to evaluate the biocontrol efficiency of Bacillus subtilis against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a very destructive plant pathogen. The combination of two methods of culturing and cell sorting by FACS technology was used to distinguish a rapid and accurate method in monitoring the biocontrol effect of Bacillus (ATCC21332) on Agrobacterium (IBRC-M10701 and AGL1),. The culture method indicated that the B. subtilis could suppress A. tumefaciens in vitro and in vivo. We used a green fluorescent protein (GFP), reporter, to flow cytometric analysis using FACS. The mean of GFP expression levels was significantly reduced to 17.98, 16.48, and 11.27% in treatments 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment; however, it was 31.57, 26.06, and 23.98% in the nontreated ones. The experiments demonstrated a positive biocontrol effect of Bacillus against Agrobacterium. Overall, our findings may provide a basis for improving the new rapid biocontrol agent detection method based on FACS.
N. Farahani, M. Behmanesh, B. Ranjbar,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Aims: Due to their unique properties, functionalized GNPs provide a high potential for solving many problems, such as diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases using nanotechnology. Depending on the purpose of each experiment, a particular interaction of DNA and nanoparticle is desirable that can be achieved by changing various parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles surface charge on the conjugation process and the type of DNA interactions, as well as increasing the loading of DNA on the surface of gold nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: Two types of 30nm gold nanoparticles with positive and negative charge were synthesized. Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with three different concentrations of DNA. Bioconjugation was investigated using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quantification of the DNA loading on each nanoparticle surface was done using two methods by fluorescence assay.
Findings: The SPR spectrum of nanoparticles confirmed the binding of DNA to the surface of nanoparticles and also illustrates the level of DNA loading to the surface of the nanoparticle, as well as the effect of the surface charge of nanoparticles on the bioconjugation process. The fluorescence assay showed a higher loading of DNA in CTAB-stabilized nanoparticles and more non-specific than citrate-stabilized nanoparticles.
Conclusion: Depending on the surface charge of GNPs, DNA loading on the surface of GNPs occurs with different affinities. Based on the purpose of the study, citrate stabilized GNPs and high concentration of DNA was appropriate to achieve this goal.
F. Hajipour, S. Asad, M.a. Amoozegar, Kh. Khajeh,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Quantum dots have received great attention for the past years as fluorescent markers for physical, chemical, and biological applications due to their unique size-dependent electrical and optical properties such as high extinction coefficient, broad absorption with narrow symmetric size-tunable fluorescent spectra, and strong resistance to photobleaching with significant luminescence quantum yield. In this study, at first the CdSe/ZnS quantum dots coated with oleylamine surface ligand were synthesized by high temperature injection method under vacuum conditions and stable nitrogen at 320°C. Then, in order to investigate the quenching effect of azo dyes, which is one of the most carcinogenic chemical colors used in various industries, on the emission of these nanoparticles, we used mercaptopropionic acid as a suitable hydrophilic ligand at the surface modification of quantum dots in the ligand exchange process as a proper aqueous phase transfer strategy. After confirming the proper synthesis of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) test and the synthesized nanoparticle core and shell standard powder diffraction files (pdfs) in X-ray diffraction (XRD), the results of the studies showed that the methyl red due to its absorption spectrum overlapping with the emission spectrum of these quantum dots has a very powerful quenching effect on the emission of synthesized nanoparticles.
Volume 10, Issue 5 (11-2008)
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence was studied as a rapid technique to detect weight loss of table grape cultivars "Thompson and Flame seedless" under air storage conditions (20°C) and in a 0ºC cold room. Grape clumps (ca. 1kg) were divided into 12 groups (six for each cul-tivar) and initial fresh weight, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH and color values were recorded. Three groups were placed inside ventilated baskets with a HarvestWatch sensor facing down on the grapes and placed in a 20ºC room in front of a forced air fan. These samples were used to generate continuous recording of F-α. The other groups were handled in a similar manner and were used to generate weight loss. The control treat-ments were held in a 0ºC cold room and constantly measured by a HarvestWatch sensor. F-α (F0) ratio curve for Thompson generally declined over times, and the rate of reduction was maximal between days 1 and 6 which is equal to ca. 20 percent in weight loss. The re-sponse for Flame grapes was almost the same as for the Thompson cultivar. There were good relationships between F-α values and weight loss values for both cultivars. From these relationships it appears that, for both cultivars, at about 20% weight loss (equal to 0.8 weight loss ratio), the F-α value stopped its decline. The other fruit quality such as SSC, TA, pH and color value indicated that the drying treatment affected these responses, compared with the fruit in the control treatment. Our results indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence techniques can detect weight loss in grapes after harvest, and thus has a po-tential as a rapid and non-destructive method for monitoring fruit weight loss and senes-cence in grape during storage.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the influence of Phelipanche aegyptiaca on vegetative growth, rate of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf chlorophyll content of 35 cucumber genotypes. High demand of assimilates by P. aegyptiaca caused significant reductions in shoot and root dry weight, leaf number, leaf area and plant height in all cucumber genotypes. Once plants were infected by P. aegyptiaca, the leaf chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis rate and the maximum quantum yield of PSII chemistry were significantly less than control, thus implying a reduction in carbon assimilation, photosynthesis efficiency and susceptibility of infected plants to photoinhibition. P. aegyptiaca traits were significantly affected by cucumber genotypes. There was no correlation between P. aegyptiaca traits with the reduction percentage of cucumber shoot dry weight. However, there were correlations between underground attachments number plant-1 (UAN) and percentage of cucumber root dry weight reduction (-0.58), total attachment number plant -1 (TAN) and the percentage of reduction of root dry weight (+0.39). In accordance with the results obtained, the genotypes were classified into 3 groups. It was demonstrated that the genotype number 22 (Khassib) behaved differently to other genotypes and, in particular, they suffered less damage from the presence of P. aegyptiaca.
Elham Sheykhi, Behnaz Behnaz Shojaedin-Givi, Sharareh Tavaddod, Mohammad Amin Bassam, H. Naderi-Manesh, Batool Sajad,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Total-Internal-Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM) is a useful tool to visualize and record the phenomena that happens below 100 nm thickness of the sample surface. This unique property of TIRFM help to perform a "qualitative" study of cytoskeleton near the cell-substrate contact. Here, distribution of actin filaments at cell-substrate interface was imaged by a TIRFM set up. Then, staining the actins cytoskeleton of the human melanoma cell and implementing the prism-based total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscope. A method to "quantify" distribution of fluorophores at cell-substrate contact is proposed.
Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2009)
Abstract
Intra-specific variation in responses of diurnal and long-term photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and respiration in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to salinity was investigated using two tolerant cultivars (CR and Kharchia-65) and a sensitive one (Ghods). Plants were grown in sand culture in controlled environment at selected levels of salinity (5 as control, 100, 200, and 300 mol m-3 NaCl and CaCl2 in 5:1 molar ratios). Photosynthesis was markedly reduced in the saline conditions, but there were no significant differences observed amongst cultivars. Stomatal conductance of both upper and lower leaf surfaces was the main factor limiting photosynthesis in the presence of salinity. However, non-stomatal limitations as indicated by reduction in variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) showed that plants might experience some degree of photoinhibition at the highest level of salinity. Gas exchange in control and 100 mol m-3 did not change throughout the day in either the salt-sensitive or the salt tolerant cultivars but in the last hours of the day photosynthesis in the sensitive cultivar was markedly reduced. Respiration remained unchanged up to 200 mol m-3 salinity but at 300 mol m-3 it decreased as compared with the lower salinity levels. The most remarkable change in respiration rate was that at seven hours after light when CO2 production was much higher than at the other times of the day. The results indicated that although photosynthesis is well correlated with stomatal conductance, wheat genotypes show different responses as regards other such aspects of photosynthesis, in different salt concentrations, as growth stage, time of the day and duration of salt exposure.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2009)
Abstract
Objective: With consideration of lethal effects of aflatoxins specially B1 on human health. Estimation of aflatoxin-albumin adduct, as an important marker of aflatoxin exposure, seems essential. The aim of this study is optimization of HPLC-fluorescence method for measurement of this important marker in blood serum.
Materials and Methods: In this study, blood serum of three groups of rats as A) positive controls (treated with AFB1), B) negative controls (without treatment) and standard rats (treated with radiolabeled AFB1) were used. After albumin isolation using ammunium sulphate and acetic acid, purity of albumin was tested by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and albumin concentration was quantified by bradford method. Then albumin was hydrolysed by pronase and aflatoxin bound to albumin was released as aflatoxin-lysine. Pronase was precipitated and albumin was digested by aceton in cold, the volume of supernatant was reduced by freeze-drier and injected into HPLC system. Aflatoxin was quantified in comparison to standard rats samples.
Results: The purity of this isolated albumin was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Albumin concentration in positive, negative and standard samples were 10, 13 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. Detection limit (20 pg/mg Alb) for measurement of aflatoxin was determined by HPLC method, specificity and sensitivity of method were 92% and 100% respectively. The mean concentration of AF-Alb adducts in serum of positive control rats was 10 ng/mg Alb and the reproducibility of the method after several repeat was very good.
Conclusion: In this study, for AF-Alb adduct quantification by HPLC method, mobile phase, percentage of solvents and run time were changed and the affinity chromatography before HPLC, was deleted. Therefor HPLC- fluorescence which is a precise and specific method, and since it is fast, highly reproducible and cost effective, also with improvement made, could easily be used for the quantification of this important marker in serum.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2023)
Abstract
Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a prominent tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, disease that destroys a significant part of tomato production worldwide. Cultivating resistant cultivars is notably important in reducing damage caused by early blight disease. Therefore, comprehending the response of different genetic backgrounds to pathogen infection could enhance understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant defense systems against pathogen invasion. In the present study, the differential response of susceptible and resistant tomato genotypes to A. solani was investigated from molecular and physiological aspects. The results showed that soluble sugar content in the resistant genotype increased after pathogen inoculation. Although photosynthetic pigments such as carotenoid, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b content decreased in susceptible and resistant genotypes, fluorescence chlorophyll indices differed in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Also, transcription analysis revealed that in the resistant genotype, the expression of SlWRKY1 was 2.58 times more than the control at 48 hpi (hours post inoculation). However, in the susceptible genotype, the expression of the SlNAC1 was 69.12 times more than in control at 24 hpi. The findings of this research provide an improved understanding of tomato plant defense mechanisms against early blight disease.
