Recent researches on the application of nanoparticles have been focused on nanostructures of gold with rod morphology, due to having outstanding optical properties for diagnostics and therapeutics of the diseases. The rod morphology of the nanostructures enables strong and sensitive absorption of surface plasmon in the infrared region. In the present research, based on the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance of gold nanorods to trace changes in the local environment, as well as the importance of rapid detection of trace amounts of albumin in urine, functionalization, and stability of these nanostructures with anti-albumin antibody has been investigated in different concentrations, volumes, time and pH changes. The results of spectroscopic studies of different samples in the visible spectrum near-infrared waves showed that gold nanorods have desirable stability, and their rod morphology characteristic is maintained. The study of the temporal stability of samples showed that the complex samples were stable up to 48 hours for sensing applications. Primary monitoring of the function of the nanobiosensor in the presence of albumin with two normal and abnormal levels of concentration revealed remarkable changes in interparticle distance, size, and morphology of the nanostructures. According to this research, the rod nanostructures can be used to design simple nanobiosensors.