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Lactic acid is the final product of anaerobic glycolysis, which is converted immediately into lactate. Most of the uptaken lactate is used as an aerobic substrate in skeletal muscle. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that an intra-cellular shuttle is playing an important role in transferring lactate through mitochondrial membrane. Decreasing blood lactate concentration and its subsequent problems after a physical activity are of an important goals in physical performance. The Participants were 23 healthy young 20-30 years-old aerobic-trained women. They consumed 300mg/day of Coenzyme Q10 for 10 days. Blood lactate concentration and physical performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the period using lactometer and Bruce test, respectively.At the beginning of the 10-day period blood, lactate concentration was 13.56±0.75 mmol/L, which was decreased to 11.12±0.67 mmol/L at the end of this period, significantly.Running time to exhaustion increased by 48.74±7.23 seconds significantly.Also VO2max increased by 3 Lit/min significantly. The results showed that the intake of 300 mg Coenzyme Q10 supplement in a 10-day period decreased blood lactate concentration and increased physical performance in the young trained women significantly.    

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Objective: Infectious microorganisms are major sources of illness and death worldwide, and the leading cause of death in neonates. Effective vaccination of this age group is of particular importance. The lack of a response and greater susceptibility to tolerance are two major features that limit the effectiveness of vaccines in neonates. In this study we compare the cellular immune response generated following antigen injections at different times of life in newborn mice to that of adult mice. Methods: Adult and different age neonate mice were vaccinated with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). One week after the last injection, cellular immunity was assayed on spleen cells that targeted EL4 infected cells using lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results: Antigen injection induced a decreased immune response in newborn mice compared with mice that had been immunized with subsequent injections.  In the adult group, due to the evolution of the immune system, we observed a stronger immune response. Conclusion: Immunization of newborn mice may induce a reduced response when compared to adult vaccinations. However this can be corrected by the administration of additional booster doses.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preslaughter shackling durations on some blood parameters, breast and thigh meat quality traits, and muscle metabolites in broilers. The effects of shackling were determined in a group of Ross 308 broilers (240 birds) aged 42 days. Four shackling treatments were used in experimental tests: shackling of broilers for 10 (Group G₁₀; as control), 30 (G₃₀), 60 (G₆₀), and 120 seconds (G₁₂₀). Results showed that corticosterone (CORT) level (2314.79 pg ml^-1) at 120 seconds shackling group increased (P< 0.01). Results indicated that kinase (CK) activity was the highest (2265.69 U I^-1) in the 120 seconds shackling group while it was the lowest (1970.64 U I^-1) in 10 s group according to the shackling duration (P< 0.05). The breast meat redness value increased due to increase in shackling duration (P< 0.05). It was revealed that shackling duration had decreased breast muscle glycogen level in all treatment groups (P< 0.001). Conversely, breast lactate level increased according to increase in shackling duration (P< 0.05). It was revealed that there was a negative relationship (r= -0.466) between breast meat ultimate pH and cooking loss (CL) value in male broilers (P< 0.01). These results indicated that the preslaughter shackling procedure might be a considerably stressful procedure for broilers, particularly exceeding 60 s. This study suggested that broilers could be at disadvantage due to more struggle during long duration shackling and accelerated postmortem glycolysis, which is detrimental to the quality of breast meat.