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  Sugar-beet pulp, one of the byproducts of sugar industries, contains several important components such as pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In this study, firstly cellulose was extracted from sugar-beet pulp. The extracted cellulose was then converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by an etherification process preformed at 70 ^oC. Degree of substitution, purity and moisture content of the CMC were, 0.52, 53% and 7%, respectively. The properties of the produced CMC was compared with other thickeners (i e. commercial CMC (Merck), tragacanth gum and a formulated commercial gum (available in the market). All four hydrocolloids were used in the formulation of tomato ketchup at 1% level. The chemical composition, rheological properties, syneresis and sensory evaluation tests were performed. There was no significant difference between the samples in terms of chemical composition. The viscosity of the ketchup samples with beet pulp CMC was much greater than the control without gum, but lower than the samples containing other gums. A slight syneresis was also seen in the samples with beet pulp CMC after one month of storage. Sensory scores of the samples with beet pulp CMC was greater than other samples. Overall, in despite of low purity and DS of the produced CMC, beet pulp CMC has a good potential to be used in food products as a thickener.

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     In this study tomato pomace and sugar beet pulp were first dried, milled and sieved and then were added to wheat flour at levels of 0, 1, 3, 5. 7 and 10 % (w/w, flour basis). Then the water absorption and the rheological properties of the dough were determined using a Brabender Farinograph. The samples containing 7% of either of the pulps were further de-colorized using H2O2. The results showed that with increasing the level of either of the pulps, water absorption of the flour increased significantly. Increasing the level of sugar beet pulp, dough development and stability times increased, while dough softening decreased. Addition of tomato pomace powder had reverse effects on farinograph parameters. De-colorization of either of the pulps increased water absorption, dough development and stability times and reduced dough softening. In general, it was found that addition of sugar beet pulp powder to the flour could increase dough stability, while addition of tomato pomace powder to the flour could soften the dough and reduce its stability.

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Orange juice is a favorite for most people because of its desirable taste. However, due to the high viscosity of pulp particles and flesh, after a while, sedimentation occurs in the product, which negatively affects on the taste, it also has an adverse effect on the market. In this way, the formation of these sediments can be prevented by adding hydrocolloids to juice. In this research, the effects of adding pectin (0.2 and 0.3%) and xanthan gum (0.1 and 0.2%) were studied on the stability of orange juice with pulp. A completely random design was used for data analysis purposes. Mean comparisons were performed through Duncan’s multiple-range test (p<0.01). According to the results, the control treatment was the least and the treatment containing 0.2% of xanthan had the most turbidity, viscosity and pH. Also, in terms of the sensory properties of taste, color, uniformity, perfume and odor, the treatment containing 0.2% pectin had the highest score. In addition, pulp suspension had the best consistency in the treatment with 0.2% xanthan whereas the highest sedimentation was observed in the control. Also, the treatment containing 0.2% of xanthan had the lowest acidity while the control treatment had the highest amount. On the other hand, the treatment containing 0.3% pectin had the highest and control had the lowest density. According to the results, the treatment containing 0.2% pectin was introduced as the best treatment for most of the characteristics.

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There are more than two thousand varieties of olives grown worldwide, most of them native to the Mediterranean Region. However, in Argentina, only a small number of olive varieties are cultivated. In Mendoza Province, there is a collection of olive varieties that includes more than seventy accessions; nevertheless, little is known about the adaptation of the different varieties to the province’s arid conditions. The aims of this work were to evaluate fruit characteristics of agronomic importance in 26 olive accessions of the germplasm collection and to compare the fruit characteristics of local variety ‘Arauco’ in different environments and growing seasons in Mendoza. In addition, an economic, quick, and easy method to estimate fruit oil content was calibrated and validated using a wide range of olive varieties. Varieties and years showed significant (P≤ 0.01) differences for all the evaluated characteristics. Fruit oil content was closely and positively related to pulp dry weight (y= -0.05+0.56x; r= 0.99). The varieties highlighted from the collection for their high fruit oil concentration in fresh base and low moisture were ‘Canino’, ‘Cornezuelo’, ‘Cucci’, ‘Dritta’, ‘Dulzal’, ‘Farga’, ‘Frantoio’, ‘Grappollo’, ‘Nebbio’, ‘Picual’, and ‘Villalonga’. Additionally, all fruit characteristics evaluated in ‘Arauco’ were similar among the studied environments and were significantly (P≤ 0.01) influenced by seasonal conditions. The proposed model, calibrated and validated with independent data, would allow determining the best harvest time simply from pulp dry weight as model input, determining oil content and analyzing several samples in a short period of time.