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Showing 71 results for Reduction
Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2002)
Abstract
This paper presents a new control methodology for active power filters that provide an adaptive online harmonic estimation with partial and selective harmonic reduction schemes, which has been implemented within an integrated controller. The proposed approach is to provide partial and selective reduction of those individual harmonics which exceed the recommended levels as set by regulatory bodies reduces the rating of active power filters thus leading to cost savings. This approach contrasts with existing techniques in which the objective is to reduce all possible harmonic components to zero. Performance evaluation of the proposed technique for harmonic estimation for time-varying non-linear load is carried out when the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy provides a new alternative for harmonic reduction in power system.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Security is a one of the most important factors of urban environments. Therefore, the necessity of security in urban spaces has caused the emersion of authentic theories like defensible spaces and crime prevention through environment design (CPTED) . In this paper, various literatures related to defensible space theories have been reviewed and the related keywords have been defined. Then the role of defensible urban spaces as a social capital in reduction of urban crimes is determined. Finally, the condition of defensible spaces in ITC with an emphasis on Isfahan city has been studied. The research methodology is based on the analysis of data and documents collected through field survey. The research results justify the precedence of defensible spaces – in design and planning- at shaping the Iranian historical cities. Secure and defensible spaces, which support social capital concept under public surveillance and collective responsibility, work as an important aspect in reducing crimes and stability of urban security. Ke
Volume 4, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Ellipsis is a frequent event, which occurs in different linguistic levels. Even though it does not usually affect communication, there are times when ellipsis leads to ambiguity and misunderstanding. In TV football reports, because of the context and previous familiarity with such a match, the reporter continuously omits linguistic units. This study deals with the nature and amount of ellipsis in TV football reports. The corpus includes the last 15 minutes of 12 TV football reports of four famous reporters. Data analysis includes studying the nature and amount of ellipsis in these reports based on Safavi (1390). On the other hand, ellipsis of linguistic categories is studied based on the model proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976, 1987). In this study, ellipsis is categorized in 4 types: ellipsis leading to ambiguity, ellipsis with no effect on communication, which Safavi (1390) calls semantic reduction, ellipsis that distinguishes speech from writing, and ellipsis of optional linguistic units. The study shows that over half of the instances of ellipsis do not lead to any misunderstanding, and because of the nature of football reports, they result in some sort of semantic reduction. On the other hand, studying the types of ellipsis on the syntactic level shows considerable difference from Halliday and Hasan (1976, 1987) who categorize ellipsis in three types of verb phrase, noun phrase and clause ellipsis. Finally, the study shows that classic view towards ellipsis, which categorizes it in two types of text-based and context-based ellipsis, cannot explain instances of ellipsis in TV football reports. The present research categorizes the ellipsis types in TV football reports, and shows failure of the classic view in explaining these instances of ellipsis.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Research Subject: The conversion of anthropogenous CO2 gas into value-add chemicals known as solar fuel technology attracted much consideration from the beginning of the 21st century owing to the potential of this technology in solving the climate change and energy shortage issues.
Research Approach: In the current study, Bismuth and copper modified TiO2 were prepared using sol-gel and wet impregnation method in order to investigate as a catalyst for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into renewable methane.
Main Results: The results of X-ray diffraction analysis, Field emission scanning microscope images and Transmission electron microscope images demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles with 20 nm in size were synthesized that after the addition of bismuth, the size of particles became smaller. Also, using energy dispersive x-ray analysis and elemental mapping technique, it was determined that the bismuth and copper were uniformly inserted in the prepared nanoparticles. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the bandgap became smaller in bismuth and copper-containing samples, which resulted in visible light absorption. In addition, photoluminescence spectroscopy showed an impressive decrease in the rate of electron-hole separation in the prepared nanocomposite. The result of CO2 photoreduction experiments revealed that the incorporation of 3 wt% Bismuth and 1.5 wt% copper into the structure of TiO2 would increase the amount of methane production to 7.6 times greater than bare TiO2. This superior activity for methane generation could be related to the ability of bismuth compounds in adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide molecules and also the efficient separation of charge carriers given by copper. Additionally, the smaller particle size and increase in the surface area had also a positive effect on the CO2 reduction enhancement.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2015)
Abstract
This paper studies the phonetic aspects of vowel reduction in Persian. Vowel reduction was examined in unstressed syllables using duration and F1 and F2 spectral values across different consonantal contexts. Results showed a strong effect of stress on duration across all consonantal contexts, but the results for F1 and F2 frequencies varied with vowel type as well as consonantal context. Most vowels had non-significant formant changes in unstressed condition as compared to stressed condition; however, the vowel /a/ had significant spatial reduction in the direction of the center of the vowel space. The results support neither of the two known articulatory hypotheses concerning vowel reduction, namely, centralization (in unstressed position) by target undershoot, and reduction due to co-articulation with the consonant context. Instead, the results lend support to the dispersion theory of speech perception which argues that vowel systems cross languages tend to utilize the available acoustic vowel space so that maximal auditory contrast is maintained. It is further argued that the position of vowels in the acoustic vowel space is influenced by this dynamical repelling force which has come to be called adaptive dispersion.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Research subject: The pure Goethite nanoparticles were synthesized successfully with solution oxidation method and by using raw materials Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Research approach: In this study, the simulation of experiment was implemented by Minitab software, with complete factorial method, at 40°C, the variation of two parameters including the flow rate of entered gas in the solution reaction (Q) and mass percent ratio of raw materials (R) (mass percent of iron (II) sulphate to mass percent of sodium hydroxide), in two levels (Q=2 and 13.3 Lit/min) and (R=1 and 3) were evaluated. The qualitative analysis of results was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), synthesis of Goethite phase (α-FeOOH) confirmed Iron oxyhydroxide and the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), illustrated that the synthesized Goethite has high purity percentage (≥99.8%). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for Goethite reported a bar-shaped crystal structure, with an average particle Cluster size between (23-43nm), based on R and Q and by analyzing the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) results, it was seen that the reaction time of Goethite formation is between 635-2210s.
Main results: The statistical analysis of results with Minitab software can create Correlation relations for Goethite, between two parameters(Q and R) and two response (reaction time(t) and average particle Cluster size(d)) at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C. regarding the relations, it was seen that at the temperature of reaction solution 40°C, with an increase in air flow rate(Q) and decrease of the mass percent ratio of raw materials(R), the reaction time and average particles Cluster size of Goethite decrease generally and vice versatile. Also, the percentage change (R) has a higher impact on average particles Cluster size and reaction time than changes (Q).
Volume 7, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
The physical conditions of the environment greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of individual and group learning. On the other hand, it is important to recognize the physical and mental needs of students based on the achievements of humanities and education in order to fit the educational spaces and coordinate the architecture of the space with their needs. Therefore, relying on the concepts of Quran verses and jurisprudential hadiths based on the necessity and importance of critter satisfaction is during the satisfaction of people and satisfaction of the Lord; in this research, we try to identify satisfaction as one of the factors affecting the quality of school architecture and take steps to improve and improve the situation. In addition to addressing the basic needs, qualitative considerations are also addressed. The present research, from the point of view of purpose, includes basic research and in terms of the nature is quantitative-qualitative research. The survey research method is used and the information which has been collected as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used and analyzed the relationships between variables. The statistical population of this study is high school students in Tehran. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for sampling. In order to measure the views of individuals, the table of purpose and content has been compiled based on studies and interviews with experts in the fields of education. Achievements show that five factors affecting satisfaction: 1) flexibility and spatial dimensions, 2) readability and accessibility, 3) beauty of space (Aesthetics), 4) environmental comfort, and 5) Territory and participation of people have been extracted. So what has been achieved is that, in order to satisfy people from the educational spaces considering the mentioned factors in the design are involved. In order to realize each of these factors, there are sub factors that play main role in designing. With consideration them will ultimately have the learning environments that users spend their time relaxing and without stress and they will have high satisfaction.The physical conditions of the environment greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of individual and group learning. On the other hand, it is important to recognize the physical and mental needs of students based on the achievements of humanities and education in order to fit the educational spaces and coordinate the architecture of the space with their needs. Therefore, relying on the concepts of Quran verses and jurisprudential hadiths based on the necessity and importance of critter satisfaction is during the satisfaction of people and satisfaction of the Lord; in this research, we try to identify satisfaction as one of the factors affecting the quality of school architecture and take steps to improve and improve the situation. In addition to addressing the basic needs, qualitative considerations are also addressed. The present research, from the point of view of purpose, includes basic research and in terms of the nature is quantitative-qualitative research. The survey research method is used and the information which has been collected as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used and analyzed the relationships between variables. The statistical population of this study is high school students in Tehran. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for sampling. In order to measure the views of individuals, the table of purpose and content has been compiled based on studies and interviews with experts in the fields of education. Achievements show that five factors affecting satisfaction: 1) flexibility and spatial dimensions, 2) readability and accessibility, 3) beauty of space (Aesthetics), 4) environmental comfort, and 5) Territory and participation of people have been extracted. So what has been achieved is that, in order to satisfy people from the educational spaces considering the mentioned factors in the design are involved. In order to realize each of these factors, there are sub factors that play main role in designing. With consideration them will ultimately have the learning environments that users spend their time relaxing and without stress and they will have high satisfaction.
Volume 9, Issue 35 (7-2012)
Abstract
In this research, the effects of different levels of retentate fat (0, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18%) and CaCl2 (0 and 0.02%), on the coagulation (coagulation time, whey amount and yield) and chemical characteristics (fat, total solids, acidity and pH) of UF-Feta cheese made from retentate powder were studied. Furthermore, the effects of salting manner (addition on special paper after coagulation or direct addition to retentate), on the coagulation and chemical characteristics of full-fat sample were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that, the coagulation time and whey amount were increased with fat reduction, whereas the yield was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Adding CaCl2 had significant (p < 0.001) reducing effect on coagulation time and this effect was more observable in cheese samples with fat levels lower than 10%. The effects of CaCl2 on whey amount, yield and chemical properties were insignificant. On the other hand, fat reduction had significant effect on all the chemical properties. Maximum fat content, total solids and acidity; and minimum pH were observed in cheese sample that made of 18% fat retentate so that, differences with other treatments were significant (p < 0.05). The addition of salt directly to retentate (without using of special paper) decreased the total solids and whey amount and increased yield, but pH and acidity didn’t show significant differences.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
In this paper, the movement of constituents of sentences in the old and middle Persian is studied based on the theoretical foundations of the Minimalist Programme (Chomsky 1995). According to the Copy Theory of Movement, the moved element leaves a copy and moves to the new location in the sentence and the moved element and its copy form a chain. The formed chain has only one element to be pronounced in the PF. The deletion of all elements in the formed chain except the head of chain based on the Chain Reduction Principle proposed by Nunes (1995) prepares the appropriate condition for realization of Linearization Principle. The selection of elements for deletion is done by the Economy Principle. By considering the fact that in the formed chain, the head of the chain has less formal features compared to the other elements (copies), so the deletion of the copies is more economical. The main purpose of doing this diachronic research is to study the feasibility of applying the principles of the Copy Theory of Movement and the Chain Reduction Principle for explaining the movement of the constituents in the Old and Middle Persian sentences. Studying of the word order and the moved constituents and also their pronunciations in the sentences of the Old and Middle Persian by considering the foundation of the Minimalist programme (Chomsky 1995 and Nunes 1995) shows that these notions are capable to explain the movement of constituents. The Persian language has free word order and the constituents can move to other locations in the sentences based on topicalization or focus movement. Having uninterpretable features of [uTpoic] or [uFocus], the moved elements can have their features checked and deleted under sisterhood by moving to the topic or focus phrase in the sentence but the remained copies have their [uTpoic] or [uFocus] features unchecked. According to the Economy Principle in Language derivation and the Chain Reduction Principlesuggested by Nunes (1995), the remained copy of the moved constituent in the sentencethe Old and Middle Persian should be deleted in the PF since it has more features than the moved element. The results of this study show that the explanations provided by the Linear Axiom Principle, Copy Theory of Movement, and the notion of Chain Reduction Principle help us to explain the syntactic phenomenon of movement and linearization and phonetic realization of constituents in the sentences of Old and Middle Persian appropriately.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2010)
Abstract
Antenna structures with low side lobe levels are normally the main goal during antenna design. In this paper, a new method for reduction of radiation pattern side lobe level in phased array antenna with uniform and non-uniform weighting is presented. In this method, by changing the array elements weight or adding several elements, such as SLC technique, the pattern with low side lobe level can be achieved. According to the design, in an array with uniform weighting, the value of SLL in third side lobe to next more than -10 dB can be reduced so that main beam width changes less than 3% and variations of gain is negligible. Since in applications non - uniform weighting is used, here a new method for side lobe level reduction in phased array antennas radiation pattern by Taylor weighting is presented. In this method, by use of uniform weighting results, the weight vector of array modify so that side lobe reduction in resultant pattern is perceptible. In this method, the value of SLL in third side lobe to next, ratio to primary Taylor weighting can be reduced so that main beam width approximately 1-2% changes and variation of array gain is negligible. Since in phased array antennas, location of main lobe can be set electronically by applying proper phase in arbitrary angle, performance of this method in pattern scanning is considered and shown in both ways that this method is independent of the main lobe location.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Abstract For seismic design, it is important to estimate the, maximum lateral displacement (inelastic displacement) of the structures due to earthquakes for several reasons. Seismic design provisions estimate the maximum roof and storey drifts occurring in major earthquakes by amplifying the roof displacement and drifts of the structures obtained by elastic analysis subjected to seismic design load, with a coefficient named “displacement amplification factor” which is greater than one. Here, this coefficient depends on various parameters such as ductility factor and overstrength factor. The present research aims to evaluate the value of the displacement amplification factor in seismic design codes and then tries to propose a new value as displacement amplification factor to estimate the maximum lateral structural displacement due to severe earthquakes. In seismic codes, since the displacement amplification factor is related to “force reduction factor”, hence; this aspect has been accepted in the current study. Meanwhile, two methodologies were applied to evaluate the value of displacement amplification factor and its relation with the force reduction factor. In the first methodology, which is applied for all structures, the ratio of displacement amplification and force reduction factors was determined directly. Whereas, in the second methodology that is applicable just for the R/C moment resisting frames, the ratio was obtained by calculating both factors, separately. The results were alike and both of them could estimate the ratio of the two factors from 1 to 1.2. The results also indicated that the ratio of the displacement amplification factor and the force reduction factor differs to those proposed by seismic provisions such as NEHRP, IBC and Iranian seismic code (Standard no. 2800).
K. Kavousi, A. R. Hamidi Zahedani,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
The large biological networks increase computational complexity during the execution of the algorithm and create constraints for working with such networks. By preserving the behavior and output of the main network, complexity is reduced, and the process of obtaining results and analyzing the network is quickly accomplished. Using mathematical and computational tools to simplify the biology networks provides better results in various sciences, especially in applications of biological sciences. Boolean modelling and finding adsorbents in biological networks will make it easy to display and analyze. This study was carried out through Boolean modelling on the Abscise Acid signal transduction network. Abscise Acid is one of the most important and effective regulators in plant growth. Our method started from an initial state and according to the rules of updating, found network adsorbents. Our proposed method, in contrast to other methods, will be able to simultaneously detect the absorbing points while plotting the state transition graph. In this way, finding all the system adsorbents is guaranteed.
Volume 11, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a blended educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) about COVID-19 on teachers' preventive behavior.
Materials & Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on female teachers in four districts affiliated with Education Organization Karaj Iran. Then, one of these two districts was assigned to the intervention group (n=70) and the other to the control group (n=70) by the lottery method. The educational intervention was conducted via three online platforms. Our intervention was named BEHTA. It included a specifically designed website, holding virtual and group discussion classes, and using a popular social network messenger.
Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups before training (p>0.05) but immediately and 12 weeks after training, the two groups had a statistically significant difference in all constructs (p<0.05). In the control group, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy did not differ significantly (p>0.05), but the mean score of behavior decreased (p=0.027).
Conclusion: The educational intervention improves all constructs regarding COVID-19 in the intervention group.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Monitoring is an essential and inseparable tool for every industrial automation system. In advanced monitoring, in addition to representation of the process conditions, fast identification and removing of the faults in different critical parts of the system is indispensable. Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are an integral part of the current automation systems and hence, advanced monitoring techniques need to be effectively adapted and implemented in these control systems. This paper presents a novel method for implementation of the advanced online monitoring on the PCS7. Model of the gas station is first developed. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated using the model data of a real gas pressure reduction station under various operating conditions. Advanced monitoring is then implemented for this station. The real-life results demonstrates that the presented method can effectively detect the system faults.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
Abstract: During the past decades, there has been an ever increasing demand for construction of new wharves and port facilities in Iran. This is partly because of the recent rapid demographic, social and economic developments, increase in offshore oil and gas activities and also long coastlines available in the country. Wharves، Piers and jetties are lifeline structures, which provide a cost effective means for transporting large quantities of goods and raw materials into and out of a region. Harbor structures also play a central role in management of an abnormal condition such as an earthquake. For long structures such as wharves and jetties, transient ground deformations induced by seismic wave passage and effects from the spatial difference in ground motion become important. On the other hand, if a port facility is located close to the seismic source, it will become subject to the near field pulse type excitations. An analytical approach has been used to address the problem. Linear and non-linear response of simplified structural models to near-fault and far-fault strong ground motions is investigated. The model approximates a structure by an equivalent oscillator consisting of a rigid beam supported by several rigid mass-less columns. Bi-linear rotational springs connect the columns to the deck and the base of the structure. The system has been studied under two pulses type (fault-normal pulse and fault-parallel pulse) and 108 near field and far field earthquake excitations. In this study closed form solutions for the dynamic response of multi span pile and deck structures have been developed. Material non-linearity, large deformations and P effects are taken into consideration. The central difference method is employed to solve the nonlinear equations of motion. The model is then used to analyse the structure under incident pulse type near-field excitations. Effects from strain-hardening, columns height, the seismic source distance, magnitude of the excitation, type of the excitation (pulse or random), have been investigated and compute the reduction factor and compare with the common design rules. In general it has been found that the classic design criteria for the strength reduction factors provide non-conservative results in a number of occasions.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2010)
Abstract
Regional impact studies of the future climate change effects are necessary because projected changes in meteorological variables differ from one region to another, and different climate systems can react in varied ways to the same changes. In this study, the effects of climate change on bioclimatic deficiency were compared in two cultivation methods (irrigated and rainfed) in a semi-arid region, Ahar (East Azarbaijan, IRAN). The agricultural land uses selected for evaluation were wheat (Triticum aestivum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and maize (Zea mays). In this way, Terraza model included in the land evaluation decision support system, called MicroLEIS DSS, was used. Terraza gives a quantitative prediction of a site bioclimatic deficiency. Soil morphological and analytical data were obtained from 44 sampling points based on a grid survey. Agro-climatic data, referred to temperature and precipitation, were collected from weather stations located in Ahar region, which benefits from more than 20 consecutive years of weather data. A future scenario of climate change was calculated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on regions of Asia under scenario A1FI (highest future emission) for 2080s. Although, increasing of precipitation being available by climate change in the future scenario, humidity index will be reduced because of high temperature. The results showed that climate change is likely to cause severe water stress in irrigated cultivation of alfalfa, sugar beet, potato, and maize, the use of irrigation methods being essential to maintain agricultural productivity. Although irrigation is indicated as very important in this regime of semi-arid agriculture, cultivation of rainfed wheat can be possible instead of the irrigated one. Also, it is revealed that climate perturbation effects on rainfed conditions are more serious than those on the irrigated conditions in the area.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
The Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) offers simple structure and fast torque response. The conventional Switching Table-based DTC (ST-DTC) presents some disadvantages like high torque and flux ripple and also variable switching frequency. This paper investigates the improved ST-DTC strategies to reduce both torque and flux ripple in DTC of IPMSM with emphasis on structure simplicity and fast dynamics. New switching table with only two active vectors for each sector is introduced and the torque control hysteresis band is replaced by duty cycle calculation unit. For flux ripple reduction, conventional hysteresis-based controller is replaced by simple dithering technique. The duty cycle calculation unit is implemented to operate on each selected vector with the aim of torque ripple RMS minimization. The increase of switching frequency in ST-DTC because of delay in torque and flux estimation process, actually, is not possible; even when hysteresis bands are sufficiently diminished. This paper incorporates the combination of duty cycle modulated DTC and dithering technique to enlarge switching frequency. It therefore provides smoother waveform concurrently for the motor torque and the flux. In the proposed method waveform comparison structure for duty cycle calculation is used; hence, the merits of classical ST-DTC, such as fast dynamic and simple structure, are mostly preserved
Volume 12, Issue 46 (5-2015)
Abstract
Antioxidants have a wide range of application in food industry. Beside by attention to rising in universal attitude to use from natural antioxidants, at this study antioxidant extracts of barberry fruits extracted by subcritical water at 120 – 180 °C and 10 – 50 Bar and radical scavenging power, reduction power, stability power of edible oil matrix and amount of Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) of extracts investigated in Folin method. Results showed that amount of Total Phenolic Compounds changed from 2073.81 until 2553.79 mg Gallic acid per 100 grams of Dry Material (mg G.A/100 g D.M) that maximum of Total Phenolic Compounds, observed at 160 °C and decreased with rising temperature, whereas radical scavenging power and stability power in edible oil of extracts increase with temperature. Optimization of extraction process did at different temperatures and pressures condition for receive to maximum amount of Total Phenolic Compounds, stability power, reduction and radical scavenging.
Volume 12, Issue 47 (6-2015)
Abstract
Leila Kordbache. PH.D.
Hussein Aqa Husseini Dahaqani. PH.D.
Seyed Morteza Hashemi Baba Heydari. PH.D.
Abstract
Reduction of rules of the standard language; derailment from the rules governing the association of terms; addition of outward rules to the standard language; rearrangement of the grammar of sentences and adoption of inward changes in the standard language are a string of approaches considered by the majority of poets to attain a poetic language. Reduction and addition of rules lead to prominence and distinction of the poetic language. The changes made by contemporary poets in the framework of grammatical outlines, in majority of cases lead to a return to ancient forms of language and is known as one of the subgroups in the reduction of temporal rules that has distinguished the language of a number of present day poets. This study, via adoption of a formalist approach has taken into consideration the poetic language of Nima Youshij, Ahmad Shamlou, Mahdi Akhavan Saales, Shafiee Kadkani, and Foruq Farokhzad. Sohrab Sepehri, and Hamid Mosaddeq and their focus on the ancient literary models in the framework of grammatical outlines; as well as the impact of this factor on distinction of their poetic language. The study has shown that the focus of this group of contemporary poets on the framework of grammatical outlines has usually been coupled with a tendency toward the linguistic achievements of ancient literature.
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between financial sector development and poverty reduction in the Iranian economy during 1973-2007. To explore a long-term relationship between variables, Bounds Testing Approach of Pesaran and others (2001) was used and to investigate the interface and causality between financial sector development and poverty reduction Dolado and Lutkepohl’s approach and causalty test (1996) was applied. In this paper for showing financial development, three alternative indicators and for representing poverty the cost of private consumption per capita are used. Results from this study indicate a long-term relationship between variables in the model. Dolado and Lutkepohl causality test results also show that financial development is not effective in poverty reduction .