Showing 11 results for Tobacco
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
One of the best strategies to control bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is generally based on breeding resistant cultivars. The information obtained from the expression of plant defense genes will provide new insight for improving plant resistance against pathogens. This study was to identify inducible genes under defense no death (DND) reaction of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)-R. solanacearum interaction using cDNA-AFLP technique. In this assay five different primer combinations were used. Out of 1320 Transcript derived fragments (TDF) that were detected, 101 fragments were identified as differentially expressed genes in 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post inoculation. Most of the differentially expressed genes were obtained 48 hours post inoculation. Following sequencing, most of sequenced TDFs showed homology to known genes interfering in signaling, regulation and defense functions. DND phenotype in tobacco has some similarities specially in signaling process with mechanism associated with induction of the hypersensitive reaction and it is distinct from general defense mechanisms.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of tobacco extract and MS-222, comparison of hematological parameters, and biochemical indices under optimum doses, 325 specimen of juvenile Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus with an average weight of 64.1 ± 3.4 gr and total length of 25.3 ± 0.3 were used. Both losing time of equilibrium and induced time of anesthesia were reduced by increasing the concentrations of these two agents, whereas time of recovery increased. Optimal concentrations were selected as 675 mg/l and 60 mg/l for tobacco extract and MS-222, respectively regarding the time of anesthesia and recovery. There was a significant decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood cells for all treatments compared to control group; then, significant changes was observed in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Also, white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphosyte, and eosinophil changed significantly among treatments. A significant increase in plasma cortisol was observed immediately after induction for all treatments, then decreased from start to the end. Whereas, only fish exposed to handling stress indicated significant change in glucose concentration. On the other hand, lactate concentration indicated a significant decrease trend for both tobacco extract and handling stress, which the maximum level occurred immediately after induction. Overall, considering the lower changes in biochemical indices for fish anesthetized with MS-222 compared to tobacco extract, it appears MS-222 had the lower physiological responses in juvenile Sterlet, and therefore would be recommended rather than tobacco extract.
, Reza Darvishzadeh, , , ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
One of the newest methods in plant breeding programs is mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) with molecular markers. In order to identify QTL associated with some chemical traits such as chlorine, nicotine, sugar concentrations and ash in oriental tobacco, a population of 55 recombinant inbred lines coming from the cross Basma seres 31 × SPT406 were evaluated for above mentioned traits. QTL mapping was performed using linkage map developed on 103 recombinant inbred lines by 64 molecular markers including 14 SSR, 24 ISSR and 26 retrotransposone. The linkage map is composed of 7 linkage groups (LGs). Composite interval mapping revealed 5 QTLs associated with studied traits. Phenotypic variation explained by identified QTLs varied between 0.34 and 0.70. Any QTL was not detected for sugar concentration in tobacco leaves. Common markers between some of studied traits can be due to linkage or pleiotropic effects. The common markers lead to increase the efficiency of marker-assisted selection in plant breeding programs via simultaneously selection for several traits.
F. Karimi , E. Khodaie,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: In recent years, according the benefits of chloroplast transformation, the cultivation of transplastomic plants and their products have been increased. Due to their biosafety concerns, their identification and labeling have become more widely considered. The aim of this study was to present an optimal method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nanobiosensor for detection of transplastomic tobacco plants and compare their sensitivity.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, aadA gene as a chloroplast selectable marker was considered to design specific primer and probe. In PCR method, after optimization of aadA gene amplification, its sensitivity was evaluated with different percentages of transplastomic DNA. In nanobiosensor method at first, the labeled aadA probe was immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) and, then, hybridization reaction was optimized to identify target DNA sequence.
Findings: The amplification of 800 bp DNA related to aadA gene was observed. The PCR reaction allowed up to 5% DNA transplostomy tobacco to reproduce the aadA gene. In results of nanobiosensor after immobilization of aadA probe on GO, fluorescence emission was quenched and by adding the trasplastomic tobacco, DNA was observed again. In this method, up to 1% transplastomic tobacco DNA, fluorescence emission was significant in comparison with control tobacco plant.
Conclusion: The PCR method can detect a transplastomic tobacco plant with 5% DNA sensitivity and detect biomarker sensitivity with 1% DNA sensitivity.
The PCR method can detect a transplastomic tobacco plant with 5% DNA sensitivity and nanobiosensor can detect with 1% DNA sensitivity. Therefore, nanobiosensor method is not only a reliable diagnostic method, in addition to the PCR method for detecting transplastomic plants, but also has a higher sensitivity.
M. Farsi , M. Mirzaei , J. Zolala ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Aims: The production of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants (molecular farming) is considered a functional aspect of genetic engineering. Unlike animal and bacterial cell-based production systems, proteins produced by plants are very safe and have low production costs due to the absence of common pathogens in humans and animals. The aim of this study was the transient expression of recombinant PARS II endonuclease enzyme using agroinfiltration in tobacco.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the possibility of producing a recombinant form of PARS II endonuclease was investigated, using transient expression system via Agrobacterium. The pBI-Pars expression construct (based on the binary vector pBI121) containing the full sequence of the PARS II encoder, upstream kozak, and a downstream 8x-His tag sequence, was infiltrated into Nicotiana tabacum leaves with Agroinfiltration method. After 72 hours, the expression of PARS II gene in agroinfiltrated leave samples was confirmed through Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and protein Dot-blot, using Anti-His antibody at the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively.
Findings: The accuracy of the constructed expression construct was confirmed, and the results of Dot-blot by Anti-His antibody confirmed the expression of the recombinant PARS II protein, while no recombinant protein expression was observed in agroinfiltrated control plants with pBI121 construct. Significant amounts of recombinant PARS II nucleases were produced in tobacco leaves.
Conclusion: Agroinfiltration is an effective and short-term method for mass production of pure recombinant PARS II nucleases in tobacco.
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2012)
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important industrial crop and its seeds contain significant amounts of oil. The extraction of oil components using solvent at high pressure, or supercritical fluid (SCF), has received much attention. In the present study, statistical analyses showed that the average extraction yield of seed oil of five tobacco varieties using SFE was 9.33%, which was higher than Sonication (7.75%) and DGF (Deutsche Gesellschaft f_r Fettwissenschaft) standard method B-I5(87) (8.48%), but lower than Soxhlet (13.72%). Also, fatty acids profile of each extracted oil was determined by gas chromatography. Various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and eicosanoic (C20:0) acids were observed in the extracted oils.
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2014)
Abstract
A begomovirus, tentatively named Tobacco leaf curl Japan virus-JpU (TbLCJV-JpU), was isolated from Lonicera japonica (Honeysuckle) Plants Grown in Utsunomiya showing veinal chlorosis symptoms. The TbLCJV-JpU genome with 2,761 nt showed a highest identity with TbLCJV-Jp3 and was also close to TbLCJV and as well to TbLCJV-Jp2. The overall nt identity with TbLCJV-Jp3 amounted to 92.94%, while the identities in encoded amino acid (aa) sequence of Coat Protein (CP) and putative products of AC1 and AV2 ORFs were as high as 98.05, 92.54 and 93.96%, respectively. Low sequence identities were observed in the Intergenic Region (IR) of TbLCJV-JpU as compared with TbLCJV, Ageratum yellow vein Taiwan virus-Kochi isolate and Honeysuckle yellow vein virus-Kagoshima isolates. Recombinations were detected in the 5´end (2650 to 2761) and extreme 3´ portion of the genome (220 to 350). Both regions demonstrated high identities with AYVTV-Kochi and HSYVV-Kagoshima. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of isolation of TbLCJV from L. japonica.
Volume 16, Issue 7 (11-2014)
Abstract
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a broadly distributed pest that attacks a wide range of crops. To investigate the intra-specific morphometric variation and the genetic diversity of the species in Iran, four populations from tobacco plus 18 populations from onion were studied in some 17 provinces of Iran. Morphological analysis, using principal components and canonical discriminant analyses indicated that the populations living on tobacco were significantly different from those living on onion. DNA sequence data for the COI gene was obtained for all the populations including some other 21 population sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Maximum parsimony analyses revealed the distinct clades of T. tabaci on tobacco and on onion with the exception of one population collected from tobacco grown in Golestan Province. The results were identical for maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining analyses. Both molecular and morphometric analyses show heterogenecity of T. tabaci populations representing at least two different biotypes on tobacco and on onion.
Volume 18, Issue 5 (9-2016)
Abstract
Broomrape is a debilitating holoparasiting weed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields with devastating effects on its production. In this study, the reaction of 89 tobacco genotypes was evaluated against broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in randomized complete block design with three replications during two years. In each year, genotypes were planted in both non-inoculated and inoculated conditions where the soil of pots was mixed with 0.06 g of broomrape seed. Considering the average data of two years, studied genotypes did not show infection to broomrape at non-inoculated condition, whereas in inoculated condition, the majority of genotypes showed infection to broomrape. Two genotypes including ‘TB 22’ and ‘Kramograd NHH 659’ did not show any infection to broomrape in inoculated condition. In a molecular experiment, the fingerprint of tobacco genotypes was prepared with 26 SSR loci. Using model-based Bayesian approach, the studied association panel was divided into three subgroups. The D¢ was used to test the LD between pairs of SSR loci using the software package TASSEL. 7.08% of possible SSR locus pairs showed significant level of linkage disequilibrium (P<0.01). By using mixed linear model, 5 SSR loci from linkage groups 2, 10, 11 and 18 of tobacco reference map were identified as DNA markers to be linked to gene(s) controlling broomrape resistance in tobacco.
Volume 20, Issue 6 (11-2018)
Abstract
In India, soybean (Glycine max) is mainly grown as rainfed crop. The higher incidence of weed and pests during growth period are one of the important menaces in getting higher yield of this crop. A field experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 on vertisol soil at Agharkar Research Institute, Pune (MS), India, to evaluate bio-efficacy of compatible tank-mix combinations of herbicide and insecticides to manage the weed and insect-pests in soybean. Tank-mix application of quinalphos and imazethapyr (68.17 m-2) resulted in significantly lowest weed density followed by imazethapyr (69.33 m-2) at 30 Days after Sowing (DAS). At 45 DAS imazethapyr (26 m-2) recorded significantly lowest weed density, whereas it was non-significantly different due to various treatments at 60 DAS. Sole application of imazethapyr and in combination with Rynaxypyr recorded lowest weed dry matter at 30, 45, and 60 DAS. Application of Rynaxypyr+imazethapyr at 30 DAS (67.36%) and at 60 DAS (85.52%) and sole imazethapyr at 45 DAS (81.66%) recorded higher weed control efficiency than the rest of the treatments. Number of leaf roller and tobacco caterpillar larvae per meter row length (mrl-1) at seven days after treatment was significantly less in treatments involving insecticides. Visual defoliation score was significantly less in treatments involving insecticides than weedy check and sole herbicide.
Volume 22, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
Exendin-4 is a human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, resistant to DiPeptidyl Peptidase (DPP), which activates the GLP-1 receptor, increases insulin secretion, and improves glycemic control. In this study, Exendin-4 (EX4) was fused to Cholera Toxin B subunit (CTB) and transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. The sequence of the Ex4 fused to CTB subunit gene, with BamHI and SacI restriction enzymes sites at the beginning of CTB and at the end of EX4 gene. After codon optimization, the sequence was synthesized and cloned in pUC57 plasmid. The recombinant vectors were transformed into Escherichia coli strain DH5α. The pUC57-CTB-EX4 construct was digested with BamHI and SacI restriction enzymes, cloned into pBI121 expression binary vector, and transferred into tobacco leaves through agroinfiltration. Transcription of the Ex4 fused to cholera toxin B subunit gene in leaves was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. After agroinfiltration, the protein was extracted from treated leaves, and ELISA test was performed using anti-CTB antibody. The production of recombinant protein was approved by ELISA test in transformed leaves.
