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Showing 2 results for Toxicity Test
H. Hashemzadeh, A. Allahverdi , P. Ertl, H. Naderi-Manesh,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
In view of the constant increase of nanotechnology and nanomaterials applications in our daily life, to determine whether they are safe, “in vitro” and “in vivo” screening methods are needed. Obviously, application of models that are similar to the physiological tissues process of the human body could be a better candidate. The three-dimensional spheroid method, spheroid were generated using commercial microplates, has many benefits (in comparison with traditional methods or monolayer cell culture) such as the growth of the cells in 3D, similar to the body's physiological tissue, an alternative for animal models, cell-to-cell interactions, and better cell signaling. In this study, the toxicity of silver nanoparticles by using three factors such as metabolic activity, live/dead assay, and spheroid surface area was evaluated using two different methods (2D vs 3D) under treatment with various concentrations of silver nanoparticles at different times. The results showed that different cells types, cancer and/or normal lung cells, have significant differences. In addition, it was observed that distinct differences in terms of cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles between 2D and 3D culture systems and also the rate of growth/non-growth of spheroids are highly depended on cell type and various concentrations have fundamental importance in such studies. The present study provides evidence that cellular dimensions (3D vs 2D) play a pivotal role in the results and outcomes of inflammation and cytotoxicity with nanoparticles due to the spatial-temporal structure.
Volume 16, Issue 6 (11-2014)
Abstract
Mass generation of bagasse wastes from every 100 kg of sago starch pith being processed are likely to pollute the water when they are discarded into rivers. The increase of livestock production increases manure production and improper management of these manures will pollute the soil and environment, and causing diseases outbreak. Co-composting of sago bagasse and chicken manure could serve as a viable alternative of managing these wastes. In order to reduce pollution, the objective of this study was to co-compost sago bagasse and chicken manure slurry to obtain a high quality organic fertilizer. The sago bagasse was thoroughly mixed with chicken manure slurry, chicken feed, and molasses in polystyrene boxes. Co-compost temperature readings were taken 3 times daily. Nitrogen and P concentrations increased (1.46 and 0.12%, respectively), whereas C content decreased (48.6%) throughout the co-composting. The CEC increased from 45.7 to 68.3 cmol kg-1 indicating humified organic material. By the end of co-composting, humic acid and ash contents also increased from 7.3 to 10.0% and 7.1 to 11.6%, respectively. The pH of the co-compost increased from 4.78 to 7.21. The final co-compost had no foul odour, but it had low heavy metals content, and a desired amount of nutrients. Seed germination indices of phytotoxicity test were above 80% of final co-compost. Co-compost product with balanced nutrients content can be produced by co-composting sago bagasse and chicken manure slurry.
