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Showing 6 results for Vaccination
Analysis of Housekeeping Genes in Bordetella pertussis Vaccine Strains by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)
M. Noofeli , M. Asadipour , R. Yari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Aims: Bordetella pertussis is a gram negative and obligated aerobic bacterium that causes pertussis disease and it is a specific pathogen in human. Pertussis is an acute respiratory infection and leads to death in infants. The aim of this study was to analyze housekeeping genes in Bordetella pertussis vaccine strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 4 samples of 134 and 509 bacterial strains and 2 standard samples of Tohama I, and 18323 were collected. After biochemical tests, the samples were cultured and separated and the genomic purification of DNA was done by Phenol–chloroform technique and analyzed by MLST. After genome sequencing, the analysis was performed by standard software such as Clustalw 2, MEGA 5.04, and DNASIS Max 3. Sequence similarity of 16S rDNA gene nucleotides was performed, using BLAST software with sequences recorded in the GenBank genome database to compare and determine the sequences similarity.
Findings: Regarding the created bands and the sequence of the game, the housekeeping genes in Bordetella pertussis vaccine strains were approved. The results of the PCR reaction for Pgm, Icd, Gly A, and Tyr B genes showed that all specimens have homogenous genes with a molecular weight of 500bp.
Conclusion: Evaluating the housekeeping genes in Bordetella pertussis vaccine strains by MLST vaccine strains (Razi Institute; Iran) correspond with international standard series and no change or deviation has occurred in the studied genes.

Influenza Vaccination Uptake among Iranian Older Adults: Application of the Health Belief Model

Volume 9, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection that can induce severe complications, hospitalization, and even death among older adults. Seasonal influenza vaccination has been proposed for its prevention. This study aimed to determine the related factors of influenza vaccination among Iranian older adults based on the health belief model.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 206 participants 65 and older were selected from Yazd city, Iran, in 2019. A random cluster sampling was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model constructs. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression.
Findings: Only 24.3% of the participants had got a seasonal influenza vaccine over the past year, and 58.3% had received at least one dose of seasonal influenza vaccine from the age of 65. Knowledge (OR=1.27; CI=1.03-1.55), perceived susceptibility (OR=1.18; CI=1.04-1.33), and cues to action (OR=1.52; CI=1.16-1.98) were statistically significant predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination.
Conclusion: The cues to action stood as the strongest predictor of seasonal influenza vaccination, which should be addressed in health promotion intervention programs in the elderly.

COVID-19 in North Africa: An Epidemiological Analysis of Cases, Deaths, and Vaccination Efforts (2020-2023)

Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract

Aims: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused a worldwide health crisis, impacting millions of individuals across the globe. The focus of In this study, is to conduct an epidemiological investigation was carried out on the progression of COVID-19 in the North African region, encompassing Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt, from January 2020 to May 2023. The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological investigation into the progression of COVID-19 in the North African region, encompassing Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt, from January 2020 to May 2023, with a primary focus on analyzing and understanding the COVID-19 data in these five North African countries.
Materials & Methods: This research aimed toinvolved the observeation and analyzesis of an international database from our World in Data,  using SPSS and Excel,. A comparative analysis was carried out, considering the number of COVID-19 cases, fatalities, and vaccination rates in the five specified North African countries.
Findings: Over the course of three years, a total of 3,722,56017,862 new COVID-19 cases and 83,860757 deaths were documented in North African countries, and the year 2021 emerged as the most devastating period, with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (1,767,410) and fatalities (50,341) across the region. Among the countries studied, Morocco (1,274,180 cases, 34.23% ) and Tunisia (1,153,261 cases, 31%) of cases, reportedwere the mosthighest infection ratesaffected, with Morocco reporting 1,272,490 cases (34%) and Tunisia 150,962 cases (31%). Similarly, the highest death tolls were recorded in Tunisia , accounting for (29,415331 deaths, (35%), and Egypt, with (24,83012 deaths, (30%). Additionally, Morocco led the region in vaccination efforts in the region, administering 47% of the total of 384,851,069 vaccine doses.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant global health challenge, affecting each North African country differently, depending on various factors such as their population, control measures, and vaccination campaigns. This study emphasizes the importance of continued efforts and tailored strategies for each country in the region to combat the pandemic in the region and underscores the significance of tailored strategies for each country to effectively address the ongoing crisis.


Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and its Associated Factors based on the Health Belief Model among Iranian People in 2021

Volume 10, Issue 4 (9-2022)
Abstract
Aims: COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy is a public health concern in the world. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaccination hesitancy and its relevant factors using the health belief model among people in northeast Iran.
Instrument & Methods: The present cross-sectional study examined 626 people using convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online survey using a questionnaire based on the health belief model at intervals of 10 September 2021 and 15 October 2021. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.
Findings: Overall, 70.6% of the samples reported that they would use the vaccine for free after it becomes available. Health belief model constructs predicted 40% of the variance of vaccination behavioral intention. The results indicated that the perceived barriers were significantly related to using the vaccine, thereby reducing the probability of using the vaccine by 10% (Relative Risk Ratio=0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Perceived benefits (Relative Risk Ratio =1.21, 95% CI: 1.11-1.32), perceived susceptibility (Relative Risk Ratio =1.54, 95% Cl: 1.23-1.92), and behavioral intention (Relative Risk Ratio =3.06, 95% CI: 2.23-4.20) had a significant relationship with the probability of using the vaccine.
Conclusion: About one-third of the participants had COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. Interventions are necessary to increase compliance with vaccination, especially among people with low education levels. The health belief model constructs have a high power of predicting hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and can be used in intervention programs.
 
Evaluation of killed vaccine potency against Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) using superoxide dismutase and lysozyme parameters of Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 serum assay

Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of 4 killed VNN vaccines along with three types of adjuvants was evaluated by both immersion and injection methods. About 540 fish weighing 7-10 g of ozone (Acipenser stellatus Pallas 1771) were considered. Vaccination was performed in two stages one month apart, and one month after the second recurrence, exposure to the acute live virus was performed. During this period, the mortality rate of immersion and injection groups was 12.9% and 19.8%, respectively, compared to 100% mortality in the control group. Blood sampling was performed to assess immune factors (superoxide dismutase, lysozyme) in four stages before the first vaccination in the adaptation period, after the first vaccination, after the second vaccination one month and after exposure to live virus Acute was performed to identify changes before and after exposure to the virus. The results of the present study showed that immunization vaccination in the vaccinated group with the vaccine containing IMS 1312 SEPPIC adjuvant significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase 1745 IU / MI (p<0.05) and lysozyme 40.6 (p<0.05). Compared to other groups, which proves its better efficacy compared to other vaccines. Therefore, a vaccine killed with 75% IMS 1312 SEPPIC adjuvant can be recommended for vaccination against VNN.
A review of influenza virus infection during pregnancy

Volume 24, Issue 1 (8-2021)
Abstract
Respiratory influenza infection is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 10% -20% of the  world’s population annually.  According to recent estimates, about 398,000 deaths per year are associated with influenza respiratory infections  with a mortality rate of 2% among viral respiratory infections. During the seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks, it has been found that pregnant women are more likely to have severe influenza-related complications, compared to the general population. During pregnancy, immunological and physiological changes that affect the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and other systems put  women at greater risk for certain infections and related complications. In this review study, we first briefly discuss the characteristics of influenza virus infection and its epidemiology, and then discuss the clinical aspects of influenza virus infection in pregnant women and fetuses.
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