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This article has been attempting to present a novel and biocompatible nanocarrier based on chitosan biopolymer with high efficiency and low toxicity for gene delivery. At the first, 5-amino-1H-tetrazol reacted with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane and then, the obtained organosilane intermediate was used for functionalization of chitosan amino groups. The structure and chemical composition of the synthesized nanocarrier were fully characterized by FESEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Zeta potential and DLS analysis. At the fallowing, the MTT test was performed in order to investigation of the nanocarrier toxicity. Furthermore, Hek-293T cell line was used for investigation of the nanocarrier efficiency in gene transfection toward the cell. The loading capacity of plasmid was optimal at an N/P ratio of 3 with excellent protection of the plasmid. The results were shown that the novel nanocarrier is high efficient and has high potential to gene transfection and protection in addition of nontoxicity, biodegradability and cost effectively.

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Enriching human food using new technology such as lipid nanocarriers is a simple and accessible tool. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the sensory and production of healthy and useful food products to evaluate the enrichment of milk with zeaxanthin lipid nanocapsules and to evaluate its cryoprotectants. During experimental-laboratory research, zeaxanthin extraction from Spirulina platensis, and nanocarriers produced for milk enrichment were used as a food model system. Three samples of milk, milk enriched with lipid nanocarriers containing zeaxanthin, and milk enriched with lipid nanocarriers were examined (at similar concentrations of nanocarriers). In order to check the efficiency of produced nanocarriers, cold protective compounds (glucose, sorbitol, glycerin, lactose, and sucrose) were added to milk. Sucrose was recognized as the best cryoprotectants. Sensory evaluation of enriched milk was performed on a five-degree hedonic scale and different sensory parameters were examined. Data were analyzed using Minitab (v. 2016). Results No significant difference was observed between the sensory characteristics of control milk and milk enriched with nanocarriers (P<0.05). The lowest particle size and dispersion index were obtained in the coating of nanocarriers with cold protective compounds, respectively, 320.82 and 0.26 to 0.31. Zeta potential was reported as -6.03. By enriching milk with zeaxanthin-containing nanocarriers, in addition to visual and skin health, problems related to the lack of useful natural additives and insolubility of food products can be eliminated.


 

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Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and assess targeted PAMAM-PEG nanocarrier with anti-TAG72 nanobody for t-Bid gene coding construct delivery into the human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Nanobody (Nb) coding sequence was subcloned into pSJ expression vector for large-scale production and then Nb was purified by Ni++ affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis were performed to verify purifiction. PAMAM was reacted with PEG at the ratio 1:2 (mol/mol) and anti-TAG72 Nb at the ratio 1:1 (mol/mol). Surface charge and size of resulting nanoparticles were evaluated by Malvern zeta sizer and Nanosight. Efficiency of constructed gene carrier for t-Bid, a killer gene, delivery into colonic adenocarcinoma cells in in vitro was assessed using real time PCR and cell counting assays. Results: Production of nanoparticles with the average size of 162±92 nm and +4.57±0.52 zeta potential was confirmed by nanosight and Malvern zeta sizer in order. Gel retardation assay result verified efficiency of carrier for pDNA comlexation. Real time PCR results confirmed the target gene overexpression in the cancerous cell lines. Conclusion: The results of this research confirms the efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers for gene transferring, positive effect of PEGylation and targeting of nanoparticles by anti-TAG72 nanobody.

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Objective: In order to overcome the limitation of systemic administration of methylene blue, this study investigated the encapsulation of methylene blue in polymeric liposomes and drug release following sonication. Methods: We encapsulated methylene blue into nanoliposomes. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was used to measure the size distribution of the liposomes. After loading methylene blue into these liposomes, both drug encapsulation efficiency and stability were fluorometrically determined. Biodistribution of drug was studied in vivo in a mouse model of adenocarcinoma tumor cells. The amount of drug released upon 1 MHz sonication at an intensity of 2 W/cm² was fluorometrically verified in vitro.  Results: DLS studies showed that the synthesized liposomes had an average size of 66.19±4.49 nm. Methylene blue was efficiently encapsulated in nanoparticles at an average of 65.21±3.47%. Stability of the generated liposomes decreased with time. Biodistribution study revealed that the drug content in the group that received liposomal drugs in their tumor tissue was significantly higher than in the group that received methylene blue in its free form and in the heart was inverse (PConclusion: This study has shown that fabricated liposomes are suitable for the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophilic photosensitizers such as methylene blue. Ultrasound-triggered release was achieved by the use of a 1 MHz ultrasound.

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The present study aimed to evaluate physical and microstructural/molecular properties of encapsulated fish oil, and their oxidative stability during storage. To this end, Nanoemulsion of Fish oil (in both pure and nanoemulsified form) was produced using complex coacervation method and various ratios of chitosan and gum arabic (CH1:GA1; CH1:GA2; CH2:GA1) as wall materials and maltodextrin (MD) as filer. Then, emulsion and microocapsulated powder properties including Particle size, encapsulation efficiency, release, XRD, FTIR, peroxide value and TBA index were evaluated. According to the results, the lowest amount of particle size and the highest encapsulation efficiency were observed in the treatment of CH1:GA1. There was no significant change in the release rate among different treatments and all of treatments showed similar release pattern. The results of FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence and favorable encapsulating of kilka oil within biopolymerical nanocarriers. Duration 28 days maintenance at 35ᵒC; peroxide value and TBA levels were significantly increased for all of treatments; In this regard, the oxidative stability was significantly increased in nanocarriers made from chitosan/gum arabic compared to control treatment.

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Abstract Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers were used to entrap curcumin and broaden confined knowledge of application of nanocarriers as the functional ingredients in food sectors. The effect of lipids ratio (GDS /GMS), kind of nanocarrier (SLN and NLC) and curcumin concentration (0, 0.25 and 0. 5 % (w / w) of emulsion) on the qualitative characteristics of nanocarrier were evaluated. Based on the results the massive physical structure of Curcumin and also increases the viscosity of the material dispersed phase in the presence of active, loading Curcumin in the developed nanocarrier led to significant (p<0.05) increase in nanoparticles size. DSC analyses showed that the crystalline states of produced nanocarriers were less ordered than pure materials and indicated that the curcumin was well incorporated in lipid matrices. However, our pretest showed that concentration of 5% Glycerol distearate and 0.25% Curcumin was the optimum for the production of Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers.

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Objective: Numerous researches have been conducted to comprehend the anti-cancer effects of curcumin (Cu). Although the anti-proliferative properties of Cu on cancerous cells is known, the clinical application of this gold substrate is limited. This limitation is mostly due to low solubility, inefficient bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and improper uptake. In this study, we have synthesized a novel biodegradable gemini surfactant (Gs), after which the curcumin (Cu) molecules were encapsulated within the polymer to overcome its physicochemical limitations.
Methods: We prepared Gs-Cu nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method. Size and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles were determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The release profile of Cu from the polymer matrix was studied, and the MTT assay and cellular uptake of Gs-Cu on MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated in vitro.
Results: The Gs polymer had the capability to form polymersomes in an aqueous solution; a narrow size distribution was obtained (PDI≅0.3). The encapsulation efficiency approximated 87%. We observed a sustained release profile due to incorporation of Cu into the polymer matrix. The Gs-Cu complex showed more cytotoxicity compared to free Cu because of the higher rate of cellular internalization.
Conclusions: The data indicate that Gs polymersomes can be regarded as nanocarriers for hydrophobic curcumin molecules.
 

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Aims Using nanomaterials in cancer therapy has shown that this kind of treatment is more efficient with fewer side effects. A considerable number of nanomaterials that can be used in cancer therapy are introduced; among them, graphene attracts most of the scientist's attention due to its unique features. In this study, the graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and reduced by gelatin for cellular delivery of an anticancer drug, curcumin, .
Materials and Methods GO was synthesized by hummer method and reduced by gelatin. Curcumin anticancer drug was loaded on the synthesized nanocarriers via hydrophobe-hydrophobe interaction.
Findings Chemical, physical and biological assays have been done to evaluate the synthesis and surface modification. In the next step, the drug loading efficiency was obtained by the UV-Vis  spectroscopy method.
Conclusion: GO is successfully synthesized, with the average size of 300nm. AFM pictures of GO before and after reduction show an increase in thickness that proves the presence of gelatin on the surface. From the cytotoxicity assay on L292 cell line, it can be concluded that surface modification was effective because GO showed remarkable toxicity while gelatin-rGO does not show any toxicity even at a concentration of 200 μgml^-1. Also, the drug loading efficiency is obtained at 78%. Therefore, the gelatin-rGO with excellent stability and biocompatibility can be suggested as a drug carrier applicable in biomedical studies.