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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease where the immune system attacks the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and causes damage over time [1]. There are 28 million people who have MS, and the number of people with the disease has been increasing since 2013 [2]. In Iran, the rate of MS is highest in Tehran and lowest in Khuzestan and Sistan Baluchestan provinces [3]. The prevalence of pain in multiple sclerosis patients is raging between 29% and 86% [4]. Moreover, the Prevalence of depression in MS is 24% to 50% [5] . Pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been linked to different factors like person's social and economic situation, their chronic disease, and mental health conditions [6]. Pain and depression are prevalent in newly diagnosed MS [7]. In particular, pain has been related to higher disability, depression, and fatigue [1]. According to a study, pain in MS is associated with more severe symptoms of anxiety and depression and worse quality of life [8]. It has been showed in a cohort study that different types of pain were closely connected to fatigue, depression, and disability. This connection became even stronger after 4 years compared to the starting point [9]. All two symptoms (depression, and pain) have been linked to dysfunction of monoaminergic euro transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation [10]. Therefore, in MS patients, the simultaneous presence of pain and depression can help the initial diagnosis of MS. Because pain and depression are both very difficult to deal with, it is not surprising that people with multiple sclerosis who have both pain and depression, experience a combined negative effect on their mental health and overall their quality of life. Therefore, improving MS patients can be earned through routine screenings of these symptoms, and also by expanding studies in the field of prevention and early interventional programs during this sensitive period after diagnosis that may be resulted in enhancing quality of life of patients.

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With the wide spread of electromagnetic waves in living environment, concerns about the harmful effects of these waves on human health have increased. However, many studies have been conducted on the biological effects of non-ionizing radiation, but there is no certainty about the effects of these radiation, especially on the nervous system. The achieved results from studies have many differences and even conflicting results have been reported. According to the previous studies, it is not yet concluded whether non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation damaging to the nervous system.  The purpose of this study is to analyze published articles about the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the nervous system in order to extract quantitative data on the effects of these waves. The purpose of this study is to analyze published articles about the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the nervous system in order to extract quantitative data on the effects of these waves. At first, the articles published in the ORSAA database were reviewed and divided into two categories: cellular and molecular parameters and neurological and cognitive parameters. The results obtained from the reviews and quantitative analyzes of the articles in the ORSAA database showed that in the category of cellular and molecular parameters, non-ionizing electromagnetic waves have the greatest effect on the change of enzyme activity and damage to proteins with 418 cases. Also, in the category of neurological and cognitive parameters, non-ionizing waves have the greatest effect on behavior and cognitive effects with 171 reported cases.
 

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The coordination of body systems is important for overcoming various conditions. The nervous system, as a fast coordinator of the body, reflexively manages many functions. At the same time, the immune system is involved in endogenous and exogenous factors that disturb homeostasis at any time to protect the body. Research has shown negative feedback between the two systems. Inflammatory factors such as pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate the vagus nerve, which increases afferent signals to the central nervous system. The central autonomic network increases efferent vagus nerve impulses. Amplification of efferent vagus nerve activity promotes the release of acetylcholine. Increased acetylcholine suppresses inflammation through its receptors on immune cells. The aforementioned feedback process, which is the two-way communication of the nervous and immune systems, is called the "anti-inflammatory reflex". In the present article, the role of each component and the therapeutic potential of using the anti-inflammatory reflex will be discussed. Moreover, heart rate variability as an index for measuring the state of the anti-inflammatory reflex is considered.
 

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Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive deterioration of the central nervous system (CNS).  Depending on the affected regions, patients may experience a broad spectrum of neurological deficits, such as sensory, motor, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. Notably, cholesterol synthesis in CNS occurs in a de novo manner and is distinct from systemic lipid metabolism. However, lipids constitute a large portion of the brain and are involved in crucial brain functions like neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in lipid metabolism may contribute to the development and progression of different aspects of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired neuronal membrane function.
There are several critical changes in various lipid fractions, like cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. This narrative review aims to summarize the current understanding of the relationship between lipid profiles and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The findings may have important implications for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting lipid-related pathways in the management of these debilitating neurological conditions.