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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a subfamily of multifunctional superfamily transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), thus they have a lot of similarity in biosynthesis, structure, signaling and biological function with other members of the superfamily. They are involved in growth and differentiation of embryo to maintenance of adult cells. Among this family member, BMP-2 is a valuable protein that acts in different processes such as spinal fusions, articular cartilage damage therapy, tumor inhibition, gingivitis and dental treatment. The high importance of this protein and its low production rate in body caused several researches in the field of producing recombinant BMP-2 in different hosts. Recombinant production of the protein in bacterial host caused the decrease in production costs and therefore led to the common use of BMP-2 in treatment of various diseases. To date, positive effects of intact BMP-2 and its derivative peptides, in order to osteoinduction in fracture treatment and jaw bone regeneration for dental implantation, were considerable. Considering high clinical significance of BMP-2, there is a necessity for more investigations in relation to this protein.

Keywords: BMP-2, Signaling molecules, Osteogenesis, Jaw bone regeneration

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