تولید سوخت زیستی از ریزجلبک

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده فناوری‌های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشکده فناوری های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده
مقدمه: تولید سوخت زیستی از منابع تجدیدپذیر به‌عنوان جایگزینی پایدار برای منابع فسیلی مورد توجه گسترده قرار گرفتهاست. ریزجلبک به‌عنوان خوراک نسل سوم سوخت‌های زیستی می‌تواند انواع لیپید، پروتئین و کربوهیدرات را در مقادیر زیاد و در زمانی نسبتاً کوتاه تولید نماید. سازگاری این میکروارگانیزم با هر نوع شرایط کشت و عدم وابستگی تولید آن به فصول سال، سرعت رشد بالا، جذب دی‌اکسیدکربن و بهبود کیفیت هوا، تجدیدپذیری، عدم تقابل با منابع غذایی، وجود مقادیر بسیار زیاد لیپید و کربوهیدرات در ساختمان سلولی آن و قابلیت تولید انواع سوخت‌های زیستی باعث شده به‌عنوان یکی از مناسب‌ترین گزینه‌ها برای تولید سوخت‌های زیستی شناخته شود. تولید سوخت زیستی از ریزجلبک شامل چندین مرحله انتخاب ریزجلبک مناسب، کشت، برداشت، خشک‌کردن، شکستن دیواره سلولی، استخراج (لیپید یا کربوهیدرات) و تولید سوخت زیستی است.

نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه با مروری بر هر یک از مراحل تولید سوخت زیستی از ریزجلبک به اهمیت و کاربرد آن برای تولید انرژی زیستی پرداخته شده است. تولید سوخت زیستی جلبکی به‌دلیل هزینه‌های زیاد هنوز قابل رقابت با سوخت‌های فسیلی نیست. پژوهشگران تلاش می‌کنند با بهبود رشد ریزجلبک‌ها و غنی‌ساختن ذخایر روغنی و کربوهیدراتی آنها، ایجاد تغییرات ژنتیکی، بهبود طراحی زیست‌واکنش‌گاه‌های نوری، توسعه روش‌های برداشت و خشک کردن، بهبود روش‌های استخراج لیپید و کربوهیدرات و تولید محصولات جانبی باارزش، سوخت زیستی جلبکی که از لحاظ اقتصادی مقرون‌به‌صرفه‌تر باشد تولید نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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