Modares Journal of Biotechnology

Effects of Glycerol, Betaine, and Their Deep Eutectic Solvent on the Activity and Stability of Transglutaminase

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Azita Tafreshi Hosseini 1
Masoud Giahi 1
Bahareh Dabirmanesh 2
Khosro Khajeh 2
Reza Fazaeli 3

1 Islamic Azad University of South Tehran Branch

2 Tarbiat Modares University

3 Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.48311/biot.2026.103317.0
Abstract
One of the most critical characteristics in the use of enzymes is their stability. Several methods are used to increase the stability of enzymes, including chemical changes, mutations, and stabilizing additives. Organic solvents are toxic, volatile, flammable, and sometimes have destructive environmental effects. Among additives, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are recently used to stabilize many enzymes. Due to their unique properties, such as cheapness, stability, non-volatile, biodegradable, and high dissolving power, these solvents can be a suitable alternative to organic solvents used in industry. For these reasons, in this study, the effect of a glycerol, betaine and its deep eutectic solvent on the activity of transglutaminase was investigated. In addition, the kinetic stability of the enzyme was evaluated in the presence and absence of the solvents. The obtained results showed that the affinity of the enzyme toward its substrate decreased, whereas the kcat value and the overall catalytic efficiency of the enzyme were emhanced in the presence of these liquids. Additionally, thermal stability in the presence of DES increased at 40, 50 and 60 °C compared to aqueous buffers. Overall, the results demonstrate that glycerol-betaine-based deep eutectic solvents can be considered as effective additives for enhancing the catalytic performance and thermal stability of transglutaminase.

Keywords

Stability
Deep eutectic solvents
Biodegradable
Trans glutaminase
Subjects
Modares Journal of Biotechnology
Volume 17, Issue 1
Winter 2026
Pages 1-9

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